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Did I say, “All change at NCS”?!
8.5
When I said last month that things were changing, I totally
underestimated the rate of change. Amanda has now left NCS to move back
down to London and has taken up the post of Administrator to the British
Humanists Society. She has been replaced by Andrew Herzig who joined us
in December.
8.5
Finally (I hope!), Vera has got a job with the Education Department here
in Norfolk, setting up an Open College Network − it sounds great −
Congratulations! We wish both Vera and Amanda every success in the
future and thank them for their contributions to the development of NCS
and Archive magazine.
8.5
Help!!!!
8.5
As you can imagine, losing so many staff so rapidly means a lot of
difficult adjustment. Sue Beverley (yes, we are related) has come in to
help out but we are going to be hard-pressed, especially as Andrew is on
his honeymoon(!) until 30th January. Whatever you do, please don’t stop
sending in orders!!! We would simply ask that you bear with us by (a)
only ringing with technical calls in the morning and (b) being patient
if your orders aren’t serviced “in the manner to which you have become
accustomed”. Please exercise even more than usual of the “Archive
spirit” − normal service will be resumed as soon as possible...
8.5
Your harassed editor...
8.5
Products Available
8.5
• AI CD-ROM − Release 3 of this CD (reviewed in Archive 7.5 p42) is now
available from Lambda Publications. They offer an upgrade to existing
users who return the release 2 disc and so they now have a small number
of these release 2 discs available for £25 inclusive.
8.5
• Basic AOF − This application from Oregan Developments allows the
built-in Basic assembler to export assembled code in a format suitable
for linking with object files from the Acorn C compiler, and anything
else supporting AOF. This costs £39.95 inclusive from Oregan or £38
through Archive.
8.5
• Cannon Fodder − New from Krisalis Software, this is a conversion from
the Amiga game by Sensible Software. You control a group of infantry
running around various second world war battlefields shooting the enemy,
destroying supply depots and so on. The game has an ELSPA rating of 15+,
and so is not suitable for young children. The price is £25.99 or £24
through Archive.
8.5
• CD Server from Digital Services allows CD-ROM drives to be shared
across a network − each client appears to have its own drive connected.
By cacheing data in memory, and on the host machines hard disc, high
performance is achieved allowing multiple replay or MPEG sessions on the
same network. IBM CDs are accessible as well as Acorn Format, even
through the PC Emulator or a PC Card. The software is licensed by
network, not station, but you will need to check that you are not
breaking copyright on the CDs that you are sharing. The software is
available for £199 +VAT, with 32-bit SCSI card and internal double speed
CD-ROM drive for £599 +VAT. If you need an external CD-ROM drive, the
price will be £699+VAT.
8.5
• Complete Animator − A new animation package from Iota Software aimed
at all levels of experience, supplied with a 30 minute tutorial video as
well. The many features include, sound, text, stamps, ghosting,
rotoscoping, editing, backgrounds and flipbook printing are all built
in. The cost is £99 + £3 p&p, inc VAT from Iota software or £98 through
Archive.
8.5
• Dune II − The Battle for Arrakis has speech, artificial intelligence,
9Mb of compressed graphics, 30 battle zones and over 20Mb of source
material compressed onto 7 floppies. It runs on RISC OS 2/3, is hard
drive installable and needs 2Mb RAM. Dune II costs £34.99 from Eclipse
or £33 through Archive.
8.5
• Floopy − This is a 40-screen game from Soft Rock Software costing,
currently, £3.49, in which you must collect either ice creams, apples or
workmen’s helmets whilst avoiding various creatures. (A new version is
planned which will make it Risc PC-compatible.)
8.5
• Formulix − Unfortunately, we got the price wrong for CC’s Formulix
package. What we gave you was the upgrade price from Equasor, i.e. £49
+VAT (only through CC). The full price is £69 +VAT from CC or £76
inclusive through Archive. (For those who bought Formulix from us at
£55, we wouldn’t ask for an extra payment as it was our own mistake but
perhaps you might feel moved to make a donation to your favourite
charity?)
8.5
• Image Factory − This Australian Company has produced a wide range of
clipart in Artworks or Draw formats. Current collections are meadow
(bee, crow, frog, ladybird, lily, mouse, rabbit and sitting rabbit, the
Artworks version also includes the fox); Flight (Wright Brothers
“Flyer”, Sopwith Camel, Supermarine Spitfire, BAC VC10, Hawker Harrier,
Westland Lynx, Concord, Shuttle Columbia); Big Cats (Black Panther,
Cheetah, Leopard, Lion, Ocelot, Tiger); The Art of Walter Briggs
(Dolphin, Falcon, Leopard, Beetle, Train, Cyborg, Linford Christie).
They are available in the UK from Pineapple Software in Artworks format
£10 each, £11 for The Art of Walter Briggs, Flight and Meadow are also
available in draw format for £15 each. (All prices are inc VAT.)
8.5
• Landmarks Microworlds: The War Years − Set in the small village of
Westerleigh, this educational package allows pupils to visit the village
at various times between 1938 and 1945. Building interiors and objects
can be examined and the inhabitants can be asked simple questions, so
pupils can experience life as it was lived then. As well as the
software, the package also includes a set of resources for use in the
classroom. The price is £25.50 +VAT for single user, or £75.00 + VAT for
a site licence from Longman Logotron.
8.5
• Landmarks PinPoint Datafile: Looking at the World − Data sheets for
195 countries covering population and environmental information are
included in this data file. Birth rates and life expectancy statistics,
land area, average rainfall, temperature, daylight hours and other
climatic details are available. They are available from Longman Logotron
for £14 + VAT for single user, or £36 +VAT for a site licence, but note
that a copy of either PinPoint, or Junior Pinpoint is needed to use the
files.
8.5
• MathsGen − Creative Curriculum Software have released an entry-level
program for generating maths worksheets. Ideal for parents and teachers
wishing to give children maths practice. Any number of worksheets and
answer sheets can be designed, covering addition, subtraction,
multiplication and division. Full presentation control is given, no
typing or computation is needed. The price is £12.95 + VAT, orders
placed at BETT ’95 or before the end of January 1995 will qualify for
the special launch price of £9.95 +VAT.
8.5
• Maths Odyssey − A mathematical adventure set in ancient Greece. The
game involves finding mathematicians who will ask you mathematical
questions, giving you tokens if you are successful. If you complete the
adventure, you will be admitted to the brotherhood of mathematicians.
The cost is £42 +VAT from Computer Tutorial Services Ltd.
8.5
• MultiGen − The high band Genlock adaptor from Sonamara Computer Video
has dropped in price to £399.95 including VAT. It supports resolutions
of up to 640×480 in up to 256,000 colours, with simultaneous RGB, S-
video and composite video outputs and S-video and composite video
inputs. Features of the external unit include under/overscan options,
freeze frame, fade, computer to video, genlock, overlay, mix and it
supports both PAL and NTSC. All leads are included for connections
between the unit, the computer, monitor and video. Until Easter ’95, the
MultiGen/Titler bundle will still be available at £428.87 inc. VAT from
Sonamara.
8.5
• Musketeer Pack − A complete desktop solution, the Musketeer Pack
contains the full versions of the Schema 2 spreadsheet, Impression Style
WP/DTP package and the DataPower database package, all for £249 +VAT
from Iota Software, or £199 +VAT as an upgrade from Acorn Advance.
8.5
• Nucleus − A high performance fileserver from Digital Services. Rather
than running over ADFS, the server has its own filing system which
provides better facilities for fileservers, allowing larger hard discs
(up to 16Gb) larger directories and larger files, as well as improved
space accounting. Additional file attributes allow files to have the
execute-only bit set so that applications can be run, but not copied,
deleted or moved. Shared writable areas are also possible so a file or
directory can be made available to any other group of users.
Workgrouping allows clients to establish shared areas without the need
for system manager interaction. Cacheing increases the speed (up to 6
times faster than Level 4), and the multi-threaded design means
simultaneous requests are handled quickly. Users details can be updated
individually or in batch mode to change space allocations, privileges
etc. Prices start from £199 + VAT for a 10 station licence from Digital
Services.
8.5
• Otteryl − This is Cherisha’s Software’s statistics-based program for
the National Lottery. They offer “no guarantee that your success rate...
...will be increased” but they claim that it will lessen the likelihood
of picking numbers that are rarely or frequently chosen and avoid those
common patterns that hundreds of other people may also have chosen thus
lowering your winnings, should you win. Otteryl costs £3 inclusive from
Cherisha Software.
8.5
• Pineapple Software − The Canon IX4015 24-bit scanner is now also
available from Pineapple Software. It comes complete with David
Pilling’s Twain and Imagemaster package. Support for the scanner will
also be built into Pineapple’s retouching software Studio 24. The pack
is £599 + VAT, or you can include Studio 24 for an additional £80 +VAT.
(You will require a SCSI card to use the scanner.)
8.5
• Reptile − This is an application from Kudlian Soft, aimed at
education, that allows the user to create and manipulate tiles based on
either square, triangle or hexagon, using draw-objects to give high
quality printouts. It costs £30 +VAT from Kudlian Soft (including a
primary school site licence) or £60 +VAT for a secondary school licence.
(£33 and £66 through Archive.)
8.5
• Revolution Quad Speed − a new version of the Morley Revolution Pro
Caddy CD-ROM systems has been released, with a quad speed drive
mechanism (around 600Kb/s), for connection to a SCSI card. The internal
Risc PC version is £349 +VAT +carriage, (£405 inclusive through Archive)
and the external version is £399 +VAT +carriage (£470 through Archive).
8.5
At the same time, they have reduced the price of the Revolution dual
speed drives to £189 +VAT + carriage. (£230 inclusive through Archive.)
8.5
• Sleuth 2 OCR − a professional version of Sleuth OCR with improved
accuracy (over 99% with good quality images) and support for more
typefaces − normal, bold, italic and bold italic weights of virtually
all popular typefaces are supported. The converted text can be exported
as ASCII or Rich Text Format. Multi-column text and graphics are
handled, by converting the text in a sensible order and ignoring
graphics. Alternatively, the order of zones can be set manually. ‘Guided
editing’ highlights the likely mistakes in the converted text. The
images can be scanned directly from a Twain scanner. Upgrades from the
original version are available for £49 +VAT through Beebug, and the full
package is available for £99 +VAT (£110 through Archive). The original
version is still available for £59 +VAT (£65 through Archive). (The
pricing in the review last month was completely wrong. Sorry!)
8.5
• Soft Rock Software − Currently, there are two special offers of Soft
Rock Software packages. Offer one contains the five budget games Escape
from Exeria, Guardians of the Lanyrinth, Drop Rock, Switch and Floopy
along with Trellis (the Adventure Interpreter) in a bundle for £19.99, a
saving of over £5. Offer two is for Risc PC owners and comprises the
above package squashed onto two discs, for £13.99. These offers are only
available directly from Soft Rock Software.
8.5
Review software received...
8.5
We have received review copies of the following: •BasicAOF (u), •Floopy
(g), •MouseTrap (u), •Otteryl (u/g?), •RepTile (e).
8.5
e=Education, g=Game, u=Utility.
8.5
Not a lot for review at the moment but we have a huge number of reviews
done and waiting for magazine space − see page 78 for a list. A
8.5
Government Health Warning − Reading this could seriously affect your
spiritual health.
8.5
“I’m not a Christian but I like your God Slot − you do have some quite
sensible things to say... well, sometimes. But go to church? Me? No
thanks! The only times I’ve been it’s been quite deadly − a few old
ladies in posh hats and a man up front wearing funny clothes and
speaking with a very funny voice. I hope he doesn’t speak like that in
normal conversation!
8.5
“When you walk into the church, someone says ‘Welcome’ but then you see
the ‘I spy strangers!’ look on the faces of the congregation and you
begin to think that you’ve invaded an alien planet − and they obviously
think the same.
8.5
“Then you play the ‘sit-kneel-stand’ game! You know − you’re kneeling
reverently with your eyes closed, you hear a rustle and you suddenly
realise that everyone else is standing up − or, worse still, you’re
still standing up and they have all sat down! How do they know what to
do when? I think you have to be a member of the club. No thanks.”
8.5
I’m sure that many of you will recognise what my friend is saying − and
it isn’t, in my view, an unfair caricature − there are many churches
like that and, yes, it does put people off. I would offer a Government
Health Warning against such churches − they could seriously affect your
spiritual health!
8.5
“OK then, so how do I find a church that is really alive and relevant to
the 20th (and the 21st!) century?”
8.5
Well, there’s no easy way to tell without going along to see for
yourself. Mind you, one thing I would say is that there are now over 800
churches around the country running the Alpha course that I mentioned a
few months ago and that’s a good indication of life. If you want to know
if there is one near you, ring 071-581-8255 and ask to speak to
Phillipa, who is the Alpha Coordinator. (Or ring me and I’ll find out
for you.)
8.5
Why not go on an Alpha course? People are finding them very helpful. I’m
so convinced that they could seriously affect your spiritual health (for
the better!) that you can take this as a written guarantee. Go on an
Alpha course and, if you feel that it’s a waste of time, I’ll give you a
free life-time subscription to Archive!
8.5
Don’t hang about though because most of the Alpha courses start mid-
January. Ring Phillipa now on 071-581-8255 or if you live near Norwich,
our Alpha course starts with a meal at 7.15 pm on Thursday, 19th
January, in the Essex Rooms, Essex Street − just round the corner from
Vauxhall Street! See you there?
8.5
P.B.
8.5
Fact-File
8.5
(The numbers in italic are fax numbers)
8.5
4th Dimension 1 Percy Street, Sheffield, S3 8AU. (0114-270-0661)
(0114-278-1091)
8.5
Abacus Training (p5) 29 Okus Grove, Upper Stratton, Swindon, Wilts,
SN2 6QA.
8.5
Acorn Direct 13 Dennington Road, Wellingborough, Northants, NN8 2RL.
(01933-228953)
8.5
Acorn Computers Ltd Acorn House, Vision Park, Histon, Cambridge, CB4
4AE. (01223-254254)
8.5
(01223-254262)
8.5
Aleph One Ltd The Old Courthouse, Bottisham, Cambridge, CB5 9BA.
(01223-811679)
8.5
(01223-812713)
8.5
ALSystems 47 Winchester Road, Four Marks, Alton, Hampshire, GU34 5HG.
(01420-561111)
8.5
APDL 39 Knighton Park Road, Sydenham, London, SE26 5RN.
8.5
Avie Electronics (p29) 7 Overbury Road, Norwich. (01603-416863) (01603-
788640)
8.5
Beebug Ltd 117 Hatfield Road, St Albans, Herts, AL1 4JS. (01727-840303)
(01727-860263)
8.5
Castle Technology Ore Trading Estate, Woodbridge Road, Framlingham,
Suffolk, IP13 9LL.
8.5
(01728-621222) (01728-621179)
8.5
Cherisha Software 51 Swallowfield Road, Charlton, London, SE7 7NT.
8.5
Clares Micro Supplies 98 Middlewich Road, Rudheath, Northwich,
Cheshire, CW9 7DA. (01606-48511) (01606-48512)
8.5
Colton Software 2 Signet Court, Swanns Road, Cambridge, CB5 8LA.
(01223-311881)
8.5
(01223-312010)
8.5
Computer Concepts (pp19/20) Gaddesden Place, Hemel Hempstead, Herts,
HP2 6EX. (01442-63933)
8.5
(01442-231632)
8.5
Computer Tutorial Services Ltd 4 Mill Hill Road, Cowes, Isle of Wight,
PO31 7EA.
8.5
Cumana Ltd Pines Trading Estate, Broad Street, Guilford, GU3 3BH.
(01483-503121)
8.5
(01483-503326)
8.5
Dalriada Data Technology 145 Albion Street, Kenilworth, Warkwickshire,
CV8 2FY. (01926-53901)
8.5
Datafile 71 Anson Road, Locking, Weston-super-Mare, Avon, BS24 7DQ.
(01934-823005)
8.5
David Pilling P.O.Box 22, Thornton Cleveleys, Blackpool, FY5 1LR.
8.5
Digital Services 9 Wayte Street, Cosham, Portsmouth PO6 3BS. (01705-
210600) (01705-210709)
8.5
Eclipse Unit 1, The Shopwhyke Centre, Shopwhyke Road, Chichester,
PO20 6GD. (01243-531194) (01243-531196)
8.5
Hazelnut Software 197 Blackshots Lane, Grays, Essex, RM16 2LL. (01375-
375514)
8.5
HCCS Ltd 575-583 Durham Road, Gateshead, NE9 5JJ. (0191-487-0760)
(0191-491-0431)
8.5
HEC 47/49 Railway Road, Leigh, Lancs. (01942-672424) (01942-261094)
8.5
Hodge Electronic Services 16 Mold Road, Mynydd Isa, Clwyd, CH7 6TD.
(01244-550803)
8.5
IFEL 34 Culver Road, Saltash, Cornwall, PL12 4DR. (01752-847286)
(01752-840029)
8.5
Iota Software Ltd Iota House, Wellington Court, Cambridge, CB1 1HZ.
(01223-566789)
8.5
(01223-566788)
8.5
Irlam Instruments 133 London Road, Staines, Middlesex TW18 4HN.
(01895-811401)
8.5
Kang Software Location Works, 1 Charlotte Street, London W1P 1HD.
(0171-637-7766)
8.5
(0171-637-2727)
8.5
Krisalis Software Teque House, Mason’s Yard, Downs Row, Moorgate,
Rotherham, S60 2HD. (01709-372290) (01709-368403)
8.5
Kudlian Soft 8 Barrow Road, Kenilworth, Warwickshire, CV8 1EH. (01926-
851147)
8.5
Lambda Publications 194 Cheney Manor Road, Swindon SN2 2NZ. (01793-
695296)
8.5
Lindis International Wood Farm, Linstead Magna, Halesworth, Suffolk,
IP19 0DU. (0198-685-477) (0198-685-460)
8.5
Longman Logotron 124 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge
CB4 4ZS. (01223-425558) (01223-425349)
8.5
LOOKsystems (p23) 47 Goodhale Road, Bowthorpe, Norwich, NR5 9AY.
(01603-748253)
8.5
(01603-740203)
8.5
Morley Electronics Morley House, Norham Road, North Shields, Tyne &
Wear, NE29 7TY.
8.5
(0191-257-6355) (0191-257-6373)
8.5
Oak Solutions (p14) Dial House, 12 Chapel Street, Halton, Leeds, LS15
7RN (0113-232-6992)
8.5
(0113-232-6993)
8.5
Octopus Systems 9 Randwell Close, Ipswich, IP4 5ES. (01473-728943)
(01473-270643)
8.5
Oregan Developments 36 Grosvenor Avenue, Streetly, Sutton Coldfield,
B74 3PE. (0121-353-6044)
8.5
Pineapple Software 39 Brownlea Gardens, Seven Kings, Ilford, Essex IG3
9NL. (0181-599-1476) (0181-598-2343)
8.5
Quantum Software (p6) 35 Pinewood Park, Deans, Livingston, EH54 8NN.
(01506-411162 after 6)
8.5
Serious Statistical Software Lynwood, Benty Heath Lane, Willaston,
South Wirral, L64 1SD. (0151-327-4268)
8.5
Soft Rock Software FREEPOST (BS7978), Westbury-on-Trim, Bristol, BS10
7BR.
8.5
Sonamara Torquay Road, Shaldon, Devon, TQ14 0AZ. (01626-873866)
(01626-297866)
8.5
SyQuest Technology Building 57, Cargo Terminal, Turnhouse Road,
Edinburgh, EH12 0AL.
8.5
(0131-339-2022)
8.5
TBA Software 24 Eastgate, Aberystwyth, Dyfed, SY23 2AR. (01970-626785)
8.5
The ARM Club Freepost ND6573, London, N12 0BR. (0171-624-9918) (0181-
446-3020)
8.5
The Serial Port Burcott Manor, Wells, Somerset, BA5 1NH. (01749-
670058) (01749-670809)
8.5
Uniqueway 42 Crwys Road, Cardiff, CF2 4NN. (01222-644611) (01222-
644622)
8.5
Archive Monthly Program Disc Contents
8.5
• Tree menu application plus data from APDL CD review by Ted
Lacey − page 68.
8.5
• Files from Gerald Fitton’s Column − page 57.
8.5
• Latest version of James Riden’s !GfxSquash application.
8.5
• CustomRPC and RPC keyboard applications + !Zap sent in by Jochen
Konietzko − page 26.
8.5
• Non-letterbox AKF60 monitor definition file from Matthew Newton
8.5
• Prime Post puzzle solutions from Colin Singleton.
8.5
• Files from Keith Hodge’s Risc PC Column − page 43.
8.5
• SCSI compatibility chart from Jim Nottingham − page 39.
8.5
• Sample spreadsheets from Richard Readings’ article − page 73.
8.5
• Text import example from Jim Nottingham’s article − page 15.
8.5
• Wolfenstein3D charts from Benjamin Newton.
8.5
Paul Beverley
8.5
Norwich Computer Services 96a Vauxhall Street, Norwich, NR2 2SD.
(01603-766592) (01603-764011)
8.5
Abacus Training
8.5
New artwork
8.5
Quantum
8.5
From 8.4 page 16
8.5
CD-ROM Products Available
8.5
Vera Cooke
8.5
Before Vera left NCS, she prepared this survey of products for CD-ROM
owners. All the CD-ROMs and electronic books are available through
Archive as indicated in each entry. The information is divided into two
sections, true CD-ROMs and electronic books which need special software
(called PaperOut) to read them.
8.5
Electronic Books
8.5
These are CD-ROM discs which contain information held as text, graphics
and sound in a format developed for the Sony Data Discman. EBs can
contain up to 100,000 pages of text or 32,000 images or 5 hours of
audio. EB CDs are 8cm in diameter and can be used in both drawer and
caddy (using a 5¼“ adaptor ring) loading CD-ROM drives. All current
Cumana CD-ROM drives may be used (except autochanger drives), along with
the earlier Cumana 500 series and Acorn’s MEU.
8.5
• PaperOut enables EBs to be used on Acorn (RISC OS) compatible
computers. The package offers all the facilities that would normally be
available if the disc was used on a Discman, plus the exporting of text
and graphics to other applications such as word processors. RRP £49.95
+VAT, Archive price £57.
8.5
• Adaptor ring for using EBs with a CD caddy. RRP £2.99 +VAT, Archive
price £4.
8.5
• Concise Oxford Dictionary and Thesaurus − Comprehensive guide to the
English language: most authoritative English dictionary combined with a
complete and systematic thesaurus, offering instant access with over
150,000 electronic cross-references. RRP £29.99 +VAT, Archive price £34.
8.5
• Hutchinson Guide to the World − Contains over 5,500 entries and over
500 maps, providing geographic, economic and up-to-date political
information on places all over the world, accompanied by entertaining
and informative quotations about places from famous explorers, poets,
writers and scientists. RRP £29.99 +VAT, Archive price £34.
8.5
• Chambers Science and Technology Library − Over 13,000 electronic
cross-references to three other Chambers reference books. 45,000
definitions and 650 articles. RRP £29.99 +VAT, Archive price £34.
8.5
• The Earth Guide: An Environmental Handbook − Drawing on the database
of the World Resources Institute, this disc gives environmental
information from countries around the world, together with contacts for
organisations and guidance for ‘green’ business. RRP £29.99 +VAT,
Archive price £34. When purchased with PaperOut, RRP is £74.95 +VAT,
Archive price £86.
8.5
• Listen and Read (Pocket Information) − simplified stories, to help
children learn to read. RRP for each volume £39.99 +VAT, Archive price
£45.
8.5
Volume 1 − John Wyndham, Jane Austen, Kipling and others
8.5
Volume 2 − John Buchan, Arthur Conan Doyle and Charlotte Bronte
8.5
Volume 3 − Bram Stoker, Jack London, Thomas Hardy
8.5
Volume 4 − John Wyndham and Jane Austen
8.5
Volume 5 − Charles Dickens and Raymond Chandler
8.5
• Collins Gem Electronic Food File (Collins/SEPC) − from five Collins
Gem guides, it contains calorific and nutritional information on
thousands of foods, an encyclopaedic listing of natural and artificial
food additives, plus guides to freezing and microwaving food. RRP £29.99
+VAT, Archive price £34.
8.5
• CIA World Fact Book (Quanta Press) − produced each year by the
Central Intelligence Agency, this world almanac contains detailed
social, economic, geographic and political units worldwide. RRP £29.99
+VAT, Archive price £34.
8.5
• Hutchinson Gallup Info (Helicon) − With over 700,000 words, hundreds
of illustrations, charts and tables, this is a comprehensive collections
of facts in over forty topics in the following sections: technology,
business, arts, fashion, sport, famous people. RRP £29.99 +VAT, Archive
price £34.
8.5
CD-ROM Titles
8.5
Some CD-ROMs may require a site licence for use on a network for which
you may be charged extra.
8.5
• 19th Century Biographies (Anglia Television) − Over 250 biographies
of scientists, politicians, writers, artists and a few less reputable
characters from the 19th Century. Includes photographs from the world-
renowned Hulton Deutsch Collection. Requires KeyNote 2.0 software. RRP
£25 +VAT, Archive price £28.
8.5
• Acorn Replay Videoclip: Collection One (Acorn Computers) − A
collection of Acorn Replay movies and seven classical audio sequences.
Contains an interactive introduction to RISC OS 3 and demonstrations of
other RISC OS software. RRP £10 +VAT, Archive price £11.
8.5
• Art in the National Curriculum − KS 1 & 2 (AVP) − Reference
collection providing resources relating to topics and artists in the
National Curriculum. Particularly concentrates on images which are not
readily available in school or home environment. Topics include:
traditional costumes, animals and plants in different time and culture,
the human face painted by artists through the ages. RRP £75 +VAT,
Archive price £86.
8.5
• ArtWorks CD (Computer Concepts) − Contains the ArtWorks software plus
all the clipart from the Clipart CD and all the ArtWorks fonts. RRP £169
+VAT, Archive price £180.
8.5
• ArtWorks ClipArt CDs 1 & 2 (Computer Concepts) − Each ClipArt CD
(No.1 for 1993 and No.2 for 1994) contains an ArtWorks file viewer and
at least 650 ArtWorks example pictures and high quality 24bpp
photographs. ClipArt No.2 includes over 100 photos, taken by
professionals, of subjects such as abstract images, scenery, etc. RRP
£19 +VAT each, Archive price £21 each.
8.5
• Aspects of Religion (Interactive Learning Productions) − Considers
the beliefs, forms of worship, scriptures, artefacts, festivals, people,
religious communities and places of worship of each religion. Section 1:
Contemporary Issues − core religious beliefs and ethics are described
and explained in the context of modern living and pressing global
events. Designed to encourage debate. Section 2: Personal View − brings
to life beliefs and practices of the world’s faith through a series of
interviews. A resource for Religious Education GCSE and A Level, General
Studies and Modern Studies. RRP £130 +VAT, Archive price £149.
8.5
• Bitfolio 6 (Management Graphics Ltd) − 2,000 images in 25 categories
providing support for specific UK-related subject areas. Full colour
images are drawn rather than scanned so they can be ungrouped and edited
easily, and enlarged or reduced without pixelation. Clipart categories
include Anatomy, Borders and Backgrounds, Communications, Defence,
Education, Food and Drink, Maps and Flags of the World, Nature and
Transport. RRP £49.95 +VAT, Archive price £56.
8.5
• British Birds (ILP and British Library) − Produced in association
with RSPB and British Library, contains hundreds of full colour images
of British birds. Includes motion video (Acorn Replay), bird calls and
songs, hypertext, a map facility for analysis of geographical factors, a
quiz to test your knowledge and materials relating to the National
Curriculum. RRP £150 +VAT, Archive price £173.
8.5
• Cars − Maths in Motion (Cambridgeshire Software House) − Cross-
curricular simulations which can be used at Key Stages 2, 3 and 4.
Subjects covered include language, science, geography, design,
technology, maths, art and life skills. The program is accompanied by
resource files which include worksheets, crossword puzzles, word
searches, anagrams, track plans and teacher support material. There are
several features on the disc, one of which allows you to design and race
around a Grand Prix circuit. RRP £49.95 +VAT, Archive price £56.
8.5
• Castles (Anglia Television) − Resource for history curriculum on both
primary and secondary education. Focusing mainly on medieval castles all
over Britain plus vector graphics, video clips and animations. This disc
is self-contained and does not require any Key product. 4Mb RAM
required. When used with the Key Plus database system (see entry below)
extra map facilities are accessible. RRP £40 +VAT, Archive price £45.
8.5
• CD Français (ILP) − Self-contained resource of 60 activities using
spoken French, selected from Tricolore 4A and 4B. Disc is accompanied by
teacher’s notes and photocopiable worksheets. RRP £95 +VAT, Archive
price £109.
8.5
• Changing Times (News Multimedia International) − 15,000 articles and
1,000 pictures taken from the Times newspaper over its 200 year history.
Original reports on major events in world history include the French
Revolution, American Civil War and World Wars 1 and 2. More general
themes such as Trade and Industry, Technology and Women’s Rights are
also covered. RRP £125 +VAT, Archive price £143.
8.5
• Chemistry Set (New Media) − Interactive library and encyclopedia of
chemical experiments, molecular structures and information. Focuses on
KS 3 and 4 of New Attainment Target 3 and the bio-molecular aspects of
the NAT2. Access to over 350 video sequences of key chemical experiments
and processes; database of 500 compounds; over 400 full motion 3-D
molecular structure; 1,000 text items. RRP £149.95 +VAT, Archive price
£173.
8.5
• Counties of the British Isles (Anglia TV) − Allows students to create
detailed maps, supplied by Bartholemew, of the counties and regions of
Britain. The level of detail shown on each map can be controlled by
students as individual features can be switched on or off. The results
of students’s work can be exported into their own work area on the
computers. Requires KeyNote 2.0 or some other Key product. RRP £40 +VAT,
Archive price £45.
8.5
• Countries of the World (Anglia TV) − 74 interactive maps in Key Plus
map format which enables students to use the latest type of vector
mapping. Each map comes with a range of material and a legend which
allows map features to be turned on or off, e.g. road contours and
national boundaries. Maps can be printed out. Also contains a sample
file of over 70 photographs from all over the world. The information can
also be used in conjunction with Key Plus and Key Note datafiles.
Requires KeyNote 2.0 software or some other Key product. RRP £40 +VAT,
Archive price £45.
8.5
• Creepy Crawlies (Media Design Interactive) − Spiders, beetles and
bugs can be studied using text, narrative, still photos and moving
images. Family trees and guided tours are also featured. Not Risc PC
compatible. RRP £49 +VAT, Archive price £56.
8.5
• Dictionary of the Living World (MDI) − Database of life on Earth
containing around 3,000 text articles supplemented with over 1,000
colour and black and white pictures and 100 animal sounds animations
which illustrate various biological processes. Not Risc PC compatible.
RRP £49 inc VAT, Archive price £47.
8.5
• Directions 2000: French (ILP and Academy Television) − Aimed at 11+
age group and includes more than 2 hours of spoken language supported by
thousands of coloured images and graphics. Curriculum notes and
worksheets are included to aid lesson preparation. For use at Language
Key Stages 3 and 4. RRP £140 +VAT, Archive £160.
8.5
• ECCTIS (subscription) (ECCTIS 2000) − Information on about 100,000
education and training courses at universities and colleges of further
and higher education in the UK. Users answer a set of questions to
identify the type of course required and the database then displays
details of those courses which match the specifications. All necessary
details about each course are given, including entry requirements,
course structure and contact plus address and telephone number of the
establishment offering the course. RRP £180 +VAT, Archive price £207.
8.5
• En Marcha: Spanish (ILP and Academy Television) − Details as for
Directions 2000: French (see above). For use at Language Key Stages 3
and 4. RRP £140 +VAT, Archive price £160.
8.5
• En Route: French (ILP and Academy TV) − Designed to complement the
highly successful multimedia course Route Nationale, En Route, but can
be used alongside any beginners’ French material. Authentic materials
and wide choice of activities. Ten chapters, concentrating on topics
such as pets, food and mealtimes, town and directions, time, transport,
weather and holidays. Integrated assessment which includes video and
audio. RRP £140 +VAT, Archive price £160.
8.5
• Environment Series 1: Water (ILP and Academy Television) − A highly
interactive CD-ROM guide to all aspects concerning the environment and
water. Includes 17 detailed case studies, 1,000 images with maps, audio,
text and extensive film footage supplied by Yorkshire TV. Students can
investigate water usage and its implications throughout history and look
at case studies of environmental issues such as dolphins, fishing and
Thames Barrier. RRP £130 +VAT, Archive price £149.
8.5
• Environment Series 2: Land and Air (ILP and Academy Television) − In-
depth analysis of global environmental issues using information drawn
from experts in industry and government, and covering topics such as
natural disasters, climate change, air quality, food or famine,
depletion of natural resources, conservation, etc. RRP £130 +VAT,
Archive price £149.
8.5
• Flying Boot CD-ROM: Max and the Machines (ILP) − Max and the Machines
is the first of a series based on Nelson’s Flying Boot reading scheme.
Supports early reading skills and provides an excellent introduction to
the IT skills necessary to use interactive media. Can be used
individually or with groups/whole class. For the primary age range. RRP
£70 +VAT, Archive price £80.
8.5
• Frontier 2000 (Cambridgeshire Software House) − A computer-based
simulation covering the history of the Border region from 43AD to 1991.
Specific areas of study include Hadrian’s Wall, map reading, and the
Civil War. The disc contains text, maps, photographs, audio and Replay
sequences and is supported by a resource pack that includes a video, an
audio cassette, colour brochures, curriculum guide material and even a
genuine piece of Roman timber! CD version has many extras over the disc-
based software − timeline is 35,000 words long, several Replay files and
over 100 historic photographs, etc. RRP for CD, manual and resource pack
£109.95 +VAT, Archive price £126. RRP for CD and manual only £79.95
+VAT, Archive price £92.
8.5
• Garden Wildlife (Anglia Television) − Resource for Primary science
education. Focusing on familiar creatures and locations, it makes the
link between the school field, garden local park and understanding the
creatures that live there, with close-up photography and video clips
from Anglia’s ‘Survival’ cameras. This disc is self-contained and does
not require any Key product. 4Mb RAM required. RRP £40 +VAT, Archive
price £45.
8.5
• Goldilocks (Leeds EdIT Centre) − Bright and cheerful version of the
well-known children’s story and includes tasks and interactive
activities. Accompanied by graphics, text, sound and worksheets. RRP
£39.95 +VAT, Archive price £45.
8.5
• Granny’s Garden (Cumana) − Produced by 4Mation, this old favourite is
now offered with Acorn Replay and all the magic of modern technology:
enhanced audio, animations and graphics. Interactive adventure for
children of varying ages. RRP £29.95 +VAT, Archive price £34. Resource
Pack RRP £15 +VAT, Archive price £16.
8.5
• Horizon Project (Hampshire Microtechnology Centre) − These resources
are a result of a project involving over forty Hampshire schools and
colleges who examined the use of multimedia for sharing and presenting
information. Their findings were used to present their work to other
students and cover a range of topics, including “IT in the High Street”,
“Rainforests” and “Hitler”. The disc represents an example of children
being able to learn from other children and their experiences. RRP
£19.95 +VAT, Archive price £22.
8.5
• Hutchinson Multimedia Encyclopedia 1992 (Attica Cybernetics) −
Updated multimedia version of the book, containing sound, pictures and
text. 27,000 text articles, 2,500 photos, illustrations and maps; over
8,000 hyperlinks and over 250 sound recordings. Users can browse through
the contents or select a particular subject from the index. A simpler
way of accessing a topic is to enter a keyword and the retrieval
software will do the search for you. RRP £49.95 +VAT, Archive price £56.
8.5
• Illustrated Holy Bible (Animated Pixels) − Complete text of the King
James Bible together with over 100 illustrations. Facilities include
full word search, picture slide-show and bookmark options. RRP £23 +VAT,
Archive price £26.
8.5
• Illustrated Works of Shakespeare (Animated Pixels) − All of
Shakespeare’s plays, poems and sonnets. Instant searches can be made on
the entire text using simple search facilities. Features include
illustrations for major scenes and a bookmark facility. RRP £23 +VAT,
Archive price £26.
8.5
• Image Warehouse (Media Design Interactive) − Clipart disc of over 350
high-quality images, saved as RISC OS sprites. They are compatible with
most DTP packages. Not Risc PC compatible. RRP £39.99 inc VAT, Archive
price £38.
8.5
• Introduction to the Environment (ILP) − Three packages introducing
specific environmental issues. Each is supported by a 28-page
photocopiable booklet that include practical activities, ideas for
project work and assessment sheets. RRP £35 +VAT each, Archive price £40
each:
8.5
Pack 1: Dwindling Resources − How key natural resources of water,
forests, oil and coal have been used over the last 200 years and the
effect this has had on the environment.
8.5
Pack 2: Climate Change − Explore the facts and theories of global
warming and climatic change.
8.5
Pack 3: Conservation − Case studies of world famous national parks, used
to illustrate the benefits and difficulties of conserving wilderness,
wild areas and threatened species.
8.5
• Inventors and Inventions (ILP and Academy Television) − 2,000 still
and moving images helping you explore the history of inventors and
inventions from the earliest time to the present day. Includes colour
and mono images, animated drawings, audio commentary, video and sound
effect for pupils studying history, science and technology. RRP £150
+VAT, Archive price £173.
8.5
• Journeys into History (ILP and Academy Television) − Covers a variety
of topics included in Key Stages 2 and 3 of National Curriculum
(History). Pupils explore Hadrian’s Wall, hear about St Cuthbert’s life,
meet a Victorian family and investigate aspects of the Industrial
Revolution. Features include notepad, interactive glossary, search save
and print facilities, ideas section. RRP £99.99 +VAT, Archive price
£114.
8.5
• Karaoke Shakespeare (Animated Pixels) − Choose a role from the play
and whilst you read the lines from the screen, the other parts will be
read for you. It can be used by a single person reading one part or by a
number of people taking on each of the roles. RRP Macbeth and A
Midsummer Night’s Dream: £49 +VAT each, Archive price £56 each.
8.5
• Key Plus (Anglia Television) − Software required for use of some of
Anglia TV’s CD-ROM titles. RRP £60 +VAT, Archive price £68.
8.5
• Kingfisher Children’s Micropedia (ESM) − Reference resource for
primary-aged children. 1,300 entries which can be accessed via an A-Z
finder or through topic groupings. All pictures and data can be printed
out and the disc is accompanied by curriculum activity ideas. RRP £90
+VAT, Archive price £102.
8.5
• Langdale Primary (Creative Curriculum Software) − A study of the
Langdale Valley area of the Lake District using OS maps, diagrams,
aerial and ground photographs, statistics, charts and sound. Not only
can users tread the paths and see the views, but they can also see
behind the scenes using the resources and applications provided. RRP £99
+VAT, Archive price £114.
8.5
• Living Poetry (Animated Pixels) − Text of over 1,500 poems by 200
different poets, including Hardy, Keats, Milton and Wordsworth. 99 of
the poems are accompanied by versions read by actors. Illustrations of
the poems plus biographies of the poets are also included. RRP £49 +VAT,
Archive price £56.
8.5
• Map Skills (Pebbleshore Information Services) − Complete pack to
support the teaching of the main elements of the Map Skills part of
National Curriculum Geography, Key Stages 1-3 and parts of the short
course in geography at Key Stage 4. Topics include grid references and
following a route on an OS map. As well as the disc, the package
includes two OS maps (Plymouth and Telford), students’s worksheet and
teachers’ notes. RRP £49.95 +VAT, Archive price £56.
8.5
• Oxford Reading Tree Talking Stories (Sherston) − Six interactive
talking book stories from reading scheme for Key Stage 2 pupils. RRP
£39.95 +VAT, Archive price £45.
8.5
• Photobase: Decades (5 discs) (Longman Logotron) − The 1960s, ’50s,
’40s, ’30s and ’20s. Each disc in the series contains almost 2,500
photographs from the famous Hulton Deutsch picture library. Databases
have powerful searching facilities, including keyword indexing and free
text searching. RRP £49 +VAT each, Archive price £55.
8.5
• Photobase: Landscapes (Longman Logotron) − Database of over 2,000
high quality colour photographs and images illustrating aspect of the
natural and man-made environment. Topics include architecture, history,
geography, science, technology and nature, using images from around the
globe. RRP £49 +VAT, Archive price £55.
8.5
• Photobase: Science (Longman Logotron) − Over 1,000 high-quality
photographic illustrations selected to cover important topics in the
National Curriculum for Science. Topics such as earth science, geology,
human biology and native plants are covered. RRP £49 +VAT, Archive price
£55.
8.5
• Photobase: The Victorians (Longman Logotron) − Nearly 2,500
photographs and engravings taken from the famous Hulton Deutsch picture
library. Topics cover people’s lives: great reformers of the time such
as Lord Shaftesbury, events like The Great Exhibition, pictures of the
Royal Family and Victoria herself. There are also many images reflecting
the great industrial changes of the time, such as steam power and the
growth of the railways, agriculture and mass production in factories and
their impact on living and working conditions. RRP £49 +VAT, Archive
price £55.
8.5
• PhotoLib (Matt Black) − A huge library of over 4,000 24-bit colour
photographs on one CD. RRP £299 +VAT, Archive price £345.
8.5
• Physical World (ILP) − Understanding of the physical world, processes
that have formed it and the ways in which people interact with their
physical environment. Divided into three sections: Features and
Processes (biosphere, hydrosphere and lithosphere), Natural Hazards,
People and their Environment. RRP £130 +VAT, Archive price £148.
8.5
• ProArtisan 2 (Clares) − Advanced image processing package which
enables graphics to be altered or drawn from scratch (a library of
images is included). Allows display and manipulation of Photo CD images
and Cumana’s Photo Album Volume 1 Photo CD (collection of 82 images)
forms the second disc in this set. The pack also includes ProArtisan 2
on floppy disc for use independent of the CD drive. RRP £136 +VAT,
Archive price £155.
8.5
• Really Useful CD-ROM Volume 2 (APA Multimedia Ltd) − Contains over
1,000 colour and mono images such as animals, cars, boats, landscapes
and scenery; high quality sound samples including a French revision
section; dozens of games, utilities and mini-films; special needs
facilities. (Supersedes the Really Useful CD-ROM volume 1). RRP £49
+VAT, Archive price £55.
8.5
• Science Series 1: Elements (IPL and Academy Television) − Interactive
CD-ROM divided into two cross-referencable sections: the Periodic Tale
and Atomic Structure of the elements. An introduction to the periodic
table, atomic structure and radioactivity. Topics include the periodic
table, groups and divisions, atoms and atom building, radioactive decay
and isotopes. The disc uses video, animation and text in its
explanations, plus interactive features such as an atom-builder
(students construct their own atoms). Also includes a complete set of
workcards and curriculum notes. RRP £130 +VAT, Archive price £148.
8.5
• Science Series 2: Materials (IPL and Academy Television) −
Interactive database of 150 materials as diverse as toothpaste, iron and
butter, giving insights into their occurrence, extraction, production,
history, applications and composition. Features experiments, quizzes,
colour images, audio, graphics and video clips. RRP £130 +VAT, Archive
price £148.
8.5
• Semerc Treasure Chest (NW Semerc) − Includes thousands of pictures,
symbols, sound samples and speech files which can easily be accessed and
retrieved by learners (including special needs). Pictures and sound can
easily be extracted for use in other applications. The sixty topic areas
include vehicles, foods, animals, birds, Aztecs, Romans, Victorians and
dinosaurs. RRP £69 +VAT, Archive price £78.
8.5
• Sherlock Holmes on a disc (Animated Pixels) − The complete text from
all sixty detective stories, together with full colour illustrations and
utilities, including a bookmark facility. RRP £23 +VAT, Archive price
£25.
8.5
• Sherston Naughty Stories (Sherston) − Twelve stories, including Doris
the Dotty Dog, Terry’s Tricky Trainers, Bobby the Boastful Bird and Lucy
the little Liar, for Key Stage 1 and 2. Each story comprises clearly
displayed text which the user can choose to have read to them and
animated illustrations with optional sound effects. This includes the
individual story books that are supplied with each disc. RRP £79.95
+VAT, Archive price £91.
8.5
• Space Encyclopedia (Animated Pixels) − RISC OS CD-ROM disc on space,
includes Acorn Replay. Fully indexed and easy retrieval. RRP £39 +VAT,
Archive price £44.
8.5
• SSERC Graphics Collection (Scottish Schools Equipment Research
Centre) − Science and technology graphics, data, programs and
applications in abundance. 330Mb for use in chemistry, physics, biology,
technology, computing and information technology. Graphics of 227
molecules, each in up to 18 different model representations and
drawfiles of gears, sprockets, washers and tubes. File format includes
drawfile, sprite and DXF file and the price includes a site licence. RRP
£99 +VAT, Archive price £114.
8.5
• Tekkie Disc (Emerald Publishing) − Acorn’s technical documentation on
CD-ROM. RRP £99 +VAT, Archive price £108.
8.5
• Times and the Sunday Times (News Multimedia International) − Full
text from each final edition of two of the most famous newspapers in the
world. Articles are arranged in familiar sections such as home and
foreign news, business, sport, etc and access is easy via a keyword-
search facility. Information can be refined by setting a date range or
by marking a selection. RRP £175 +VAT, Archive price £200.
8.5
• Times and the Sunday Times (News Multimedia International) −
Individual, abridged editions covering January to December for the
following years: 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993. RRP £89 +VAT, Archive price
£100.
8.5
• Times and the Sunday Times Sampler (News Multimedia International)
RRP £50 +VAT, Archive price £54.
8.5
• Understanding the Body (Anglia Television) − Resource for secondary
science curriculum with over 500 pictures, 50 video clips, 150 graphics
and thousands of pages of text: Introducing humans, Cells and tissues;
Organs and organ systems, Reproduction and genetics. Worksheets for
teachers and students are available on the disc and can be printed out.
RRP £40 +VAT, Archive price £45.
8.5
• Usborne’s Exploring Nature (Hampshire Microtechnology Centre) −
Contains many drawings of flora and fauna, natural life processes,
animal behaviour and key natural habitats. An activity-based exploration
which will help children towards a greater understanding and
appreciation of the plants and animals around them. A classroom and
library resource for all primary and middle schools. RRP £125 +VAT,
Archive price £142.
8.5
• Woodland (APA Multimedia Ltd) − Multimedia exploration of British
woodland covering birds, trees, plants, animals, fungi and minibeasts.
Key Stage 2 and above. RRP £75 +VAT, Archive price £85.
8.5
• World of Number Series (Cumana) − NCC approved CD-ROM series,
published by New Media, to meet Mathematics Key Stage 3 and 4. Contains
these four titles at RRP £79 +VAT each, Archive price £88 each:
8.5
Number Games − Seven puzzles which must be solved by groups of students
through discussion of calculation and reasoning. It tackles number
patterns, symbolisation and a broad range of strategic skills required
by the National Curriculum.
8.5
Perspectives − Four on-screen windows enable users to look at
information from different perspectives in video, graphics and data.
Curriculum support for graph sketching and interpretation by linking the
abstract to reality also included.
8.5
Picture Gallery − Collection of photographs together with simple
software drawing tools which support the curriculum areas of angle,
ratios, scale, percentages and estimation.
8.5
Who stole the decimal point? − Adventure game in which a series of
mathematical problems must be solved in order to complete the story.
This module supports a wide range of attainment.
8.5
• World War II (disc 1 and disc 2) (ILP and Academy Television) − Disc
1 (Global Conflict) gives an overview of causes and significant events
of the War using archive film footage from the National Archives of
America, an index, glossary and hypertext links. Disc 2 (Sources and
Analysis) contains source material resources, archive photos, newsreel
and film footage personal diaries, pamphlets and case studies. RRP £130
+VAT each disc, Archive price £147 each disc. A
8.5
Oak
8.5
From 8.4 page 26
8.5
Text Import − Part 3
8.5
Jim Nottingham
8.5
Firstly, my grateful thanks to those readers who took the trouble to
respond to Part 1 (Archive 8.3 p63). In truth, I had feared it was over-
detailed and merely covered old ground but, from the incidence of “well,
I never knew that” comments, it appears I was on the right track after
all. Please do keep those helpful comments coming.
8.5
In Part 2 (8.4 p43), we looked at the problems of filtering out unwanted
line-feeds which, invariably, are embedded in and imported with so-
called ‘standard’ ASCII text, whatever the source. In doing so, I am
confident you will have become sufficiently familiar with the workings
of Edit’s Find and Replace function to be able to press on and deal with
the majority of other problems you are likely to meet.
8.5
Processing compound problems
8.5
In principle, by applying exactly the same procedures we considered in
Part 2, we can deal with imported documents with embedded control codes
of increasing complexity. This includes even those which, at first
impression, appear to be total scribble. However, the law of diminishing
returns comes in here. By that I mean that, if you need to import
perhaps only a couple of short paragraphs, it may prove easier and
quicker just to strip out the offending codes using the delete key,
repetitively, rather than go through some complex Find and Replace
procedures. You will soon get used to which option to employ under given
circumstances.
8.5
Before we consider another example in detail, there is an alternative
Edit function we can introduce to do the same job as the Magic
characters system but which is rather more user-friendly; this is the
wildcard feature. To use it, click on the “Wildcarded expressions” radio
button which will open up an alternative series of options (not
available in the RISC OS 2 version of Edit; continue to use Magic
characters − or upgrade to OS 3.10!).
8.5
The options look a little more complicated but, in practice, are easier
to use than the magic character system. Single characters are used (e.g.
$ represents a line-feed) and the character can be entered not only by
typing it in as normal but also by simply clicking on the appropriate
option box.
8.5
Now to look at a more complex example which is an amalgam of many real
situations we may meet, including bits from those well-known foreigners
Multimate, MS Word, Word-Perfect and Wordstar − plus a bit of my Magic
Note in native text format thrown in for good measure. My aim in
purposely making it such an eye-watering (but typical) sample is that,
if we can hack this, we shall have gained the confidence to manipulate
anything the foreigners can throw at us.
8.5
For this exercise, dig out Example2 from the monthly disc, or the
examples disc available from me, and make a working copy (for the
moment, don’t change the filetype to Text). The actual text is almost
the same as used in Example1. That was 1,250 bytes long but, as the file
size has increased to almost 10Kb, clearly we have picked up lots of
‘scribble’ in the importing. For starters, drag the Example2 file onto
your WP/DTP icon and − immediately − you will hit a major problem in
that, in all probability, it won’t load properly.
8.5
Publisher, for example, says the file is not understood and insults us
by displaying a picture of a PC! Ovation is not as rude but fails to
display any more than half a page of nonsense. This is a very common
example of how embedded control codes can seriously interact with our
system so, as a starter, convert the filetype to Text as described in
Part 2.
8.5
To see the extent of the problem, discard the WP/DTP document and load
Example2 into Edit. At first sight, we have simply imported pages of
utter scribble which seems to be made up of thousands of numbers in
square brackets (= hex) with the occasional alpha-numeric character
embedded, e.g. “[01]ü[1a]”. However, if you scroll to the bottom, you’ll
see what on a clear day just might be the text we are looking for. For
those readers without the examples disc, here is a very much cut down
extract from the original file:
8.5
Pages of scribble followed by...
8.5
.....................[00µ[00]}[00][00][00]´[00]Ð[00]Ð
8.5
[1d]These¹days,¹a¹fax¹facility¹is¹almost¹a¹™
8.5
necessity¹for¹running¹a¹business.¹¹When¹™
8.5
people¹asked¹for¹our¹fax¹number,¹they¹™
8.5
were¹most¹put¹out¹to¹find¹that¹we¹didn©t¹™
8.5
have¹one¹-¹so¹we¹invested¹in¹David¹™
8.5
Pilling©s¹ArcFax¹(¹†35)¹and¹bought¹™
8.5
ourselves¹a¹fax¹modem¹(¹†199.99).[0d]
8.5
[0d]
8.5
[1d]
8.5
[00][09]Ð[02]@[02]¹[05]
8.5
[00][1d]What¹is¹a¹computer¹fax?[0d]
8.5
[0d]
8.5
[1d]
8.5
[00][09]Ð[02]@[02]¹[05]
8.5
[00][1d]The¹computer¹prints¹by¹sending¹to¹™
8.5
the¹printer¹a¹graphic¹image¹of¹the¹page¹™
8.5
which¹is¹made¹up¹as¹a¹series¹of¹dots.¹¹™
8.5
Normally,¹an¹electronic¹representation¹™
8.5
of¹these¹dots¹is¹sent¹up¹the¹cable¹to¹the¹™
8.5
printer.¹¹The¹fax¹modem¹can¹be¹thought¹of¹™
8.5
as¹a¹©printer©¹which¹turns¹these¹dots¹™
8.5
into¹sounds¹which¹can¹be¹sent¹down¹the¹™
8.5
telephone¹line¹to¹a¹remote¹receiver.[1a]Ô[08]
8.5
3“[1d][00]Ñf[03][00][00][00]Ñ[01]#[00]
8.5
[01]................................
8.5
General procedure
8.5
Clearly, Edit is going to have to work extra hard this time and you will
have to deal with this in a very controlled fashion if you are not to
lose sight of what you have done. So my recommendations for a general
procedure are three-fold:
8.5
• Firstly, you should work in a logical, controlled fashion, dealing
with the more obvious and common problem areas before trying to pin down
relatively minor anomalies. Often there will be more than one path to
take but try to work through the forest, to the copse, to the tree, to
the branch and, finally, to the leaf.
8.5
• Secondly, whenever you complete a stage in the manipulation
procedure, it is probably a good idea to drop an Edit save box onto the
WP/DTP icon and assess progress. You should start to see useful results
very quickly and this helps to give confidence and confirm that you are
on the right path.
8.5
• Thirdly, assuming you are happy with the outcome of each stage, you
could save the Edit file, preferably with a different filename. In this
way, if you make a mess of things, you need go back only one step.
8.5
Tactics and techniques
8.5
Let’s put the general procedures into practice. Firstly, we could
quickly get rid of the thousands of control characters appearing before
the text starts. This is very easy to do in Edit; simply select-drag to
mark whole blocks from the top of the file and then delete them (<ctrl-
X>). Continue for some pages until eventually you come to the start of
the wanted text. Finally, select and delete the few lines of code
characters after the text, in the same manner.
8.5
Drop an Edit save box onto your WP/DTP icon and the application should
now accept and display the shortened file sensibly, so we are on the
right path. Save the Edit file as an interim result and discard the WP/
DTP document.
8.5
Looking at the result in the Edit window, it is now obvious that,
throughout the text file, gaps between words are filled by a superscript
1 (“¹”) where there should be spaces (exported from the Magic Note
‘native’ word-processor). Looking at the ASCII table included in Part 1,
we find we can enter the “¹” character either by typing <alt-185> (using
the numeric keypad) or by <alt-1> (main keyboard). So we can deal with
the problem globally by using a straightforward Edit Find/Replace
procedure:
8.5
Press <home> followed by <f4>
8.5
“Find:” Type in <alt-185><return>
8.5
“Replace with:” Press <space><return>
8.5
Click on “End of file replace” (249 replaced)
8.5
Click on “Stop” (or press <return>)
8.5
Once again, drop an Edit save box onto your WP/DTP icon and note that
the result is now becoming fairly readable, although the formatting
still needs work. Discard that document and save the interim Edit file.
8.5
Probably the next most common occurrence is the “™” character at the end
of each line. This is an unusual feature, imported from Wordstar v3.3.
The characters are in fact carriage returns (CR) but most other packages
export them as ASCII 13 control characters, as shown in the table. On
screen, they would appear in the equivalent hex number format ([0d]).
Not to worry about these differences, we can again perform an Edit
global Find/Replace to strip out the carriage returns. In the example
file, the “™” character is always preceded by a space so, in this
instance, there is no need to replace it with another space. In the
table, “™” is listed as the ASCII decimal number 141, so the procedure
is:
8.5
Press <home> followed by <f4>
8.5
“Find:” Type <alt-141><return>
8.5
“Replace with:” Press <return> (i.e. ‘nothing’)
8.5
Click on “End of file replace” (28 replaced)
8.5
Click on “Stop” (or press <return>)
8.5
Viewing the result in our WP/DTP package window shows that the carriage
return characters have gone from the 28 lines of text. Discard the
document and save the Edit temporary file as usual.
8.5
We are still left with the (invisible) line-feeds which are stopping the
text filling the full width of the window. However, unlike in Example1
where paragraph spacing was achieved by using double line-feeds, in
Example2 it is brought about by line-feeds plus a unique string of 17
control characters ([0d]....[1d]). For this reason, it is unnecessary to
use the ‘dummy’ procedure this time, so we can strip out the single
line-feeds using a simplified procedure, noting that the Wildcarded
expression for a line-feed (‘Newline’) is the $ character. We can either
type this in or enter it by clicking on the “Newline” box. This time, we
play safe and replace each (invisible) line-feed character with a space,
so:
8.5
Press <home> followed by <f4>
8.5
“Find:” Click on “Newline” (or type in<$>)
8.5
“Replace with:” Press <space><return>
8.5
Click on “End of file replace” (48 replaced)
8.5
Click on “Stop” (or press <return>)
8.5
There were far more line-feed characters replaced (48) than carriage
returns (28) because, this time, we have stripped out the LFs between
paragraphs and either side of the heading.
8.5
Dropping an Edit save box on the WP/DTP package icon shows us that the
individual paragraphs are now formatting properly, although we still
need to sort out the paragraph spacing. This is slightly more tricky
than usual because the ‘foreign’ package (Wordstar v6.0) has given us
the rather unfriendly 17-character string to deal with.
8.5
This is an instance where, with only a few paragraphs to import, it
would be appropriate simply to use the delete key. However, for the
exercise (and bearing in mind it will work equally well for a 100-page
document), we will do it the hard way! Fortunately, we don’t need to
type in the complete string of complex characters as we can use the
Wildcarded expressions’ “Any” function. In theory, as there are no other
hex characters ([xx]) remaining in the file, we could simply type in,
say, the first <[0d]> followed by 16 wildcards (full stops) to represent
the full string. In this case, it is a unique solution and will work
but, for other circumstances, we must ensure it is a unique occurrence
and, if necessary, type in the full string as it stands.
8.5
For this exercise, we will use the start and end characters with 15
intermediate wildcard characters. To do this, we will enter the first
and last hex numbers, separated by 15 full stops. The two hex numbers
are entered in both cases by clicking on the Wildcarded expressions’
“Hex” box, which puts a cross in the Find: dialogue box, before we type
in the relevant hex number. We can enter the full stops either from the
keyboard or by clicking 15 times on “Any”. As a replacement for the
string, we will want to enter a couple of line-feed characters to
achieve the double-spacing between the paragraphs and either side of the
heading. So, using the normal procedure and having entered or typed in
the data, Edit’s Find text window will look like this:
8.5
Pressing <return> and clicking on “End of file replace” gives us 5
replaced. Dropping the result onto our WP/DTP icon shows that we are
virtually there, with just a few minor anomalies to deal with.
8.5
Odds and ends
8.5
Although it would be quite reasonable to edit out the remaining
anomalies manually, we may as well complete the exercise using Edit as a
general procedure:
8.5
• Looking at the WP/DTP window and working from the top, it seems that
apostrophes have become copyright signs (“©”), so this is easily dealt
with by performing an Edit global Find/Replace procedure. From the
table, © appears against ASCII decimal number 169, so we type <alt-
169><return> in the Find: dialogue box and < ‘ ><return> in the Replace
with: box (4 replaced).
8.5
• At the end of the first paragraph there should be a couple of “†”
signs (ASCII decimal number 156), each preceded by a space. From the
context, these appear to be corrupted “£” signs, a very common importing
problem. In this case, replacing <space> <alt-156> with <£> will clear
the problem (2 replaced). I say there should be † signs but, if you are
displaying the System font in the Edit window, they will show as
superscript 6 figures (“6”). This is because, as described in Part 1,
the System font does not always reproduce the standard Latin1 alphabet
characters in the ASCII range 128-159. So, as mentioned in Part 2, I
recommend you always switch to a suitable outline font such as Homerton
for display in the Edit window.
8.5
• Inspection of the (almost) finished result shows that a number of
double-spaces have appeared between words. Their regularity gives the
clue that this had happened where once there were line-feeds indicating
that, in this instance, it was inappropriate to have replaced line-feeds
with spaces. It’s too late to go back on that but − no problem − we can
do a global replacement of <space><space> with a single <space> (32
replaced).
8.5
The finished result (at last!)
8.5
So what have we achieved? In fact, a great deal (in more ways than one).
We have taken an unseen text file which may well have been imported from
an unidentified source and, at first sight, appeared to be scribble. But
we have progressively massaged it to the point that it has become 100%
readable by our word-processor or DTP package, which is just what we set
out to do.
8.5
To achieve this, we didn’t need to have any knowledge of the source
application, software version number or host system, nor any technical
expertise. We just needed to have a modicum of familiarity with the way
Edit’s Find/Replace function is handled.
8.5
We have done this without any direct expense because the only tool we
used − Edit − came ‘free’ with our computer.
8.5
As I said − a great deal... Thanks Acorn, what would we do without you?
8.5
Read, learn and practise...
8.5
Don’t worry if you found working through this complex example hard
going, the learning curve is very steep. I suggest you go through it at
least a couple more times for consolidation and then you should find it
will take you only a few minutes to convert almost any other imported
file so that it is fully readable by your WP/DTP package.
8.5
“Almost any”? Well, in practice, I haven’t actually come across any
imported file which I haven’t managed to get Edit to convert
successfully, given enough time and application. That said, I have to
say that, in order to meet a very tight timescale, I once had no option
but to massage a 50-page PostScript file. The finished result was
testimony to Edit’s productivity but, my word, doing it destroyed any
hope of slowing the pace of my near-terminal baldness. Incidentally,
does anyone know of a PostScript reader for Acorn machines?
8.5
In these articles, I cannot hope to have covered all possible situations
you might meet, or every nuance of Edit’s Find/Replace facilities. If
you would like to take things further, I recommend you read the notes on
Wildcarded expressions in the manual, especially the examples on p14 of
the RISC OS 3 Applications Guide or p260 of the Risc PC User Guide.
8.5
For practice, the disc of example files is still available from me for
the price of a formatted disc, a self-addressed label and return
postage. Finally, if you hit problems, do not hesitate to ask for help.
Ideally, send me an example on disc with details of where you are
getting stuck.
8.5
Happy text-importing! Jim Nottingham, 16 Westfield Close, Pocklington,
York, YO4 2EY. A
8.5
CC
8.5
From 8.4 page 29
8.5
CC
8.5
From 8.4 page 15
8.5
ArtWorks Column
8.5
Trevor Sutton
8.5
Things have certainly been happening on the AW front recently, so it is
time for another column. I was pleased to chat with people at the
Archive stand at Acorn World 94 and am delighted to have made my second
appearance at Wembley; something to tell my grandchildren.
8.5
I have just bought CC’s new ClipArt CD which is the culmination of their
competition to win a Pioneer double speed, six disc CD-ROM drive.
8.5
Clips and CD ROMs
8.5
I am convinced that the vast range of currently available clipart is in
demand. Designers who need to use graphics within a variety of contexts
will use good quality clipart to save time. I know designers who create
much of their own art work but they still have an extensive library of
clipart in their collection.
8.5
Large libraries of bit-mapped or vector graphic images take up a lot of
disc space and so the CD-ROM is the ideal storage medium. However, the
space on a CD-ROM is vast and so often it can be filled with poor
quality images.
8.5
The images on the first AW CD were in many cases superb works of art
demonstrating hours of very careful work. These were definitely not
clipart. I enjoyed browsing through all the images and have a couple of
hard copies pinned to my notice board. However, it has to be said, that
I have not used any of the images in any of the graphic work I have done
over the last 3 months. The things I wanted were just not there or the
artwork was so complex and the files so large that their use was
inappropriate.
8.5
I did find much of it on some of my old PD and magazine discs and
certainly on the two CD-ROMs which accompany the Corel Draw 4 package.
The latter is a treasure chest of images. Yes, we are talking about a
large and expensive package in the Corel Draw suite and I would still by
choice always use AW.
8.5
These days, quality support materials count for a lot when choosing a
new product, the AW fonts are varied and useful and enhance the value of
the package but there is no comparison between the graphic
accompaniments.
8.5
You will, I am sure, point out the price but here’s a tip for those of
you able to run Windows and use PC CD-ROMs. Corel Draw 3 may still be
available on CD for about £60.
8.5
I will give you some idea of the number of images here. This CD comes
with a book about the size and thickness of the RISC OS 3 User Guide
containing nothing else but thumbnails (about 3cm square) of the clipart
and alphabets showing the fonts. Wow!
8.5
It is, I feel, disappointing that the latest AW CD-ROM is again the
result of a competition and therefore has no thematic material. If I
want a spanner then I must go to a company such as DEC_dATA and their
excellent series of drawfile discs or convert from the Corel CD. All we
can get on CD for our favourite art program is a beautiful, yet
disparate, set of images which may, if you are lucky, be useful.
8.5
Images and choice
8.5
I would be interested to hear what people think about the above. If CC
want to become competitive outside education and the home, they perhaps
ought to consider compiling a collection of clipart.
8.5
Many, very beautiful bit-mapped images are currently available and,
having seen the Risc PC in action and had my first Photo CD back, the
quality is fantastic. We do have a problem, though, if we are wanting a
hard copy. The comparison with the screen image is often very
disappointing. If you are a multimedia person, there’s no problem.
Printing vector graphics is a different matter, images from AW to even
the humblest of dot-matrix colour printers can be impressive. Printing
to lasers or the colour bubble-jets is often better than the screen
image.
8.5
This would suggest that the best type of clipart is drawfile or AW
format.
8.5
Because AW uses anti-aliasing of lines, I have frequently grabbed AW
screens in order to produce the best quality in a sprite consisting of
lines. These images look better on a Genesis page than do drawfiles. (I
guess Paul Hooper will remind me that Genesis Professional will accept
AW files).
8.5
I often make application sprites in AW, subsequently grabbing them using
!Paint and reducing their size in !ChangeFSI.
8.5
New Tools − Pressure Sensitive Tool
8.5
This is ideally suited for use with CC graphics tablets; the new tool
gives a range of different effects within AW. The tool is added to the
toolbar and, when selected, it brings up a panel similar to the freehand
tool. It allows accuracy to be set and also the range for the thickness
of lines.
8.5
One of the features I have recently seen available on vector graphic
packages on other computers was the facility to produce lines which
simulate brush strokes. This is a line which changes from thin to thick
and to thin again. This is a natural result of the way we vary the
pressure when we draw or paint with our hands.
8.5
Now this is possible using the AW pressure tool. The tool does work to
an extent with the mouse though the variation of pressure is not
possible.
8.5
The tool comes with its own installation program in the manner of CC’s
other software.
8.5
A good feature of CCtablet, CC’s software for the graphics tablet, is
the calligraphy mode. This gives thick or thin lines depending upon the
direction of movement of the pen, thus simulating an italic nib.
Occasionally, however, I found that spurious splodges occurred along
some lines and I still don’t know if it is my fault.
8.5
In conclusion, I would say that this tool is a vital adjunct to the
ArtPad graphics tablet and enhances its use within AW. Without the
tablet it is not really worth considering.
8.5
The prices are given in the review of the ArtPad.
8.5
New Tools − Arranger
8.5
When creating a drawing, it’s often useful to align objects to guide or
construct lines. Arranger allows you to specify one or more layers as
containing magnetic objects. Guidelines can then be drawn in a magnetic
layer. These guidelines need not be straight and will attract points or
objects in any layer dragged close to the guideline.
8.5
For those of you who use AW for more technical drawings, it is an
addition to the AW toolbox that you should not be without.
8.5
The package includes full instructions and an easy-to-use Installer.
8.5
The price is £29 +VAT from CC or £34 through Archive.
8.5
Coda
8.5
It is heartening to see that AW is being developed and new tools are
becoming available. The ArtPad tablet should prove very popular with
people who use AW regularly for producing commercial drawings. The price
could well put off the home user − it certainly put me off, but that’s
because I’ve just invested in a fast modem!
8.5
I am still waiting for the hatching tool.
8.5
You can now contact me on: Arcade Bulletin Board #1579 or by e-mail
TrevSutton@arcade.demon. co.uk
8.5
So if you have any queries or suggestions, you can now send them
directly to me. A
8.5
LOOK Systems
8.5
New Artwork
8.5
Comment Column
8.5
• Blinds (not a) problem − I bought Blinds from Quantum but had a
problem printing from Publisher when Blinds was loaded. I scribbled a
note to that effect on my Blinds registration card and was amazed to
receive a phone call the following day. The problem seems to be with the
early Turbo Driver when used with the older versions of the Acorn
Printer Driver (<1.22). An upgrade to the latest Turbo Driver and
Acorn’s driver should fix the problem. Excellent service, Quantum,
thanks! Tony Otway, Exeter.
8.5
• Future enhancements − I have noted the use of C++ in the Unix
environment leading to a quadrupling of program size with little
improvement in functionality. I also suspect that the use of C++ in the
DOS environment is partly responsible for the enormous resources
required by most Windows 3 applications. I therefore conclude that,
although C++ does lead to an increase in programming efficiency, it does
this at the expense of the user, who has to invest in more disc space
and memory. Moving to C++ on our Unix computers meant increasing memory
from 8Mb to 96Mb. In addition, I have been finding more bugs in C++
software than in the days of C and Pascal − I suspect that the reduction
in development time puts pressure on the time allocated to test the
software before release. I hope that moving to C++ on the Acorn machines
gives some benefit to the user. Peter Tuson, Fleet.
8.5
Matthew’s note: It is certainly true that the requirements for C++ are
somewhat higher, but probably the greatest advantage is the large amount
of C++ software. Most PC software houses now use C++, so to transfer the
software to the Acorn platform is currently not very easy. Computer
Concepts have stated, for example, that some of the new functions
available in their Camelot graphics application for Windows will not be
added to Artworks until there is a C++ compiler. Because of the
relatively small Acorn user base, many companies do not feel it is worth
the effort of converting packages. By providing a C++ compiler, Acorn
are reducing the effort needed, and thus opening the door to a greater
range of software, giving a greater choice to the user. Matthew Hunter,
NCS.
8.5
• Guardian’s ‘independent’ comments − Did you see the comments by Liz
Roberts in the Guardian International newspaper on 6th December? She was
writing about buying a home computer. After spending 8.8 column-cm on
Apple (“Macs are very easy to use for novices.”) and 10 column-cm on
IBM-compatible (“they are more complicated than Macs”), she dismisses
Acorn with the single paragraph, “Other options include Acorn, which has
been standard in schools, though this is changing. Relatively cheap at
the basic end, but not very whizzy or user-friendly, and the compatible
educational software is often dull. You might prefer to enhance your
child’s computing rather than replicate what’s at school. Amiga is now
essentially a games machine.”
8.5
I was incensed when I read it. What does she mean by “whizzy”? Is it
relevant anyway? How whizzy an Apple or a Mac can you buy for £299? “Not
user-friendly!” You must be joking. Has she ever used a RISC OS machine?
(What are the odds she’s a Mac-aholic and can’t cope with changing to
the much more intuitive RISC OS filing system where you drag the file
into the place where you want it to go rather than saving it via a list
of directory names? “Now where did I save that file?!”) The educational
software is dull, is it? Has she asked anyone about the educational
value of Mac and PC software?
8.5
Was this same article published in the U.K.? (Yes, I’ve recently had a
similarly angry comment from a UK reader. Ed.) How can they get away
with such biased reporting? Bernard Maugoust, France.
8.5
• Internet over Ethernet? − Most of the numerous magazine articles
about e-mail and the Internet discuss connection by phone through one of
the commercial suppliers. Direct access through a local network and
JANET is mentioned only in passing, as though it were a simple matter. I
have found it not to be so straightforward, and thought that an account
of the process might be useful to people who have access to this route
but, like me, know little about computer networks.
8.5
My early encounter with e-mail was not encouraging: the messages passed
seemed neither literate nor valuable. Value is better judged by the
senders and recipients, but the explanation of the literary failings was
simple: those were the days when text editing had to be done with a
program called Lined whose use required incredible patience, so no-one
bothered to correct typing mistakes. In any case, using e-mail involved
finding one of the limited number of computers connected to the system,
and they seemed always to be in use.
8.5
A revision of my view occurred when a colleague in the United States
sent me a fax about some results of mine which had been obtained in a
laboratory about 10 miles from where I work. She had had the information
before I had − by e-mail! Then, my new Risc PC could be fitted with a
bargain-priced Ethernet card and the new building I was about to move
into was abundantly supplied with outlets. So I added an Ethernet card
to my order for the computer.
8.5
The system to which I hoped to attach myself consists of several Sun
workstations (and some other, more specialized, computers) with an
extensive local Ethernet network connecting PCs (mostly) and Macs and an
outgoing connexion to JANET and thus to the Internet. I would be the
only Acorn computer on the system. Fortunately, a colleague in the
computing group is even more of an Acorn addict than me and persuaded
the network organisers to let me try.
8.5
The card arrived, some weeks after the computer, and snag 1 immediately
appeared. Our new installation uses 10baseT Ethernet, which has outlets
rather like telephone sockets, whereas the Acorn card is designed to
operate with 10base2, which uses BNC connectors. (PC cards seem to have
both sorts of connector, so the change was no problem for most users.)
Some phone calls to NCS and Atomwide (who make the card) found that
although Acorn only supply 10base2 cards Atomwide make other sorts − and
the price is the same. So a swap was organized and occurred with
remarkable speed. The board was simple to fit and worked at once
8.5
Snag 2 was that I needed some software. An e-mail message to Acorn (via
a helpful colleague) got the reply that I needed the ‘TCP/IP suite’. It
was formerly available only with a quite expensive site licence, but
single-user copies can now be supplied, costing about the same as the
card.
8.5
Installing TCP/IP presented no problem but Snag 3 was configuring it.
The program needs to know about the host computer(s) it is to deal with,
which involves editing several configuration files. All this is
explained in the manual, but it is complex and confusing to a newcomer
and you really need to mobilize help from someone who runs the network.
Our person had never dealt with an Acorn computer before and is
immensely busy (never believe that computer networks can run
themselves). So progress was incremental over a period of several days
and there were times when it was not clear that the system would ever be
able to work.
8.5
It does work. There are three distinct modes of operation. First, one
can open a display of one’s home directory on the main computer and do
all the usual file-handling operations, including transferring files to
and from the Risc PC. The only difference is that the processes are a
bit slow.
8.5
Second is Telnet which is a sort of terminal actually operating the main
computer − this is what I use for e-mail. It also gives access to our
local information files and to World Wide Web and the remarkable Archie,
which provides information on the location of files on the Internet. A
small trap for the unwary with Telnet is that it is operating a Unix
system which is case-sensitive, so file names have to be typed properly
with capital letters in the right places. A separate program called
MailMan is provided with the TCP/IP suite, which will transfer e-mail
directly to your Acorn computer; at present I can read mail through
Telnet but if I want the files, I have to save them to my directory on
the main computer and then transfer them to the Risc PC as a separate
operation. Unfortunately, MailMan looks as if it needs quite a lot of
setting up, and no-one has had time to try this yet. An aspect of e-mail
that I had not appreciated is that one can embed files in the messages
and these can be any sort of file including DTP files and graphics.
Ordinary text messages are best prepared in Edit and then transferred
unless one is a super-accurate typist or the messages are very short.
8.5
Finally there is Ftp, which is for transferring files to and from remote
computers. This did not seem to work at all at first. It was clearly
logging on to the remote computer but the keyboard was frozen and I
could get nothing further to happen. Then we found that it is all mouse-
operated from a menu. This is a rather clumsy system although it saves
having to remember the special set of commands used by Ftp.
8.5
Another clumsy feature is that Ftp uses Internet numbers for addresses
rather than the more memorable names. Other systems translate from the
names to the numbers using a sort of telephone directory, but if the
Acorn system does support this facility, I have not discovered how to
get it to work. When I download a file I get a familiar ‘save’ dialogue
box so I can direct the file to any directory I choose. Decoding files
afterwards may be needed, but there is a well-explained set of programs
for doing this in the \micros\arch\riscos\tools directory of hensa. In
practice, the whole operation is very simple and not intolerably slow.
It is really quite exciting to collect huge JPEG files of satellite
pictures from Arizona and have them on the screen within minutes, the
decoding in this case being done by ChangeFSI so that all you have to do
is to change the filetype.
8.5
Is it worth £200+ (assuming you already have the computer)? I think so.
It is not a very elegant system compared with some of the Windows-driven
ones I observe down the corridor but it seems quite robust and certainly
delivers the files. Unless you already know a lot about networks, it is
essential to have a sympathetic network manager to help set the system
up. The TCP/IP manual is large and clearly written but it contains a
great deal of jargon (well, special vocabulary) which would make a do-
it-yourself approach hard and slow. (I’m afraid I’ve lost track of who
sent this contribution. Thanks for it and sorry for my inefficiency.
Ed.)
8.5
• Key Author / Studio 24 clash − With Studio24 (the art package, not
the music package) version 1.1 and Key Author 2.00, if ST24 has been
run/is running, the KA overview only has the branches of the tree, but
no slab icons showing the actual pages/hotspots being linked! The
software houses have been alerted but no solution is available yet. Tim
Nicholson, Cranleigh.
8.5
• Text editor !Zap, version 1.20 (24-Oct-94) − One of the main
advantages of Edit (if not the only one) used to be its modest RAM
hunger − but on the Risc PC this is no longer the case. Version 3.50D (D
for Germany) needs 188Kb of RAM. Of course, many users won’t need the
full power of one of the commercial text editors like StrongEd or
DeskEdit, and so will dislike the expense. However, there is an
excellent alternative in the latest incarnation of Zap (120Kb on the
iconbar), which was written by Dominic Symes (NB: Click <select> on the
author’s name in the iconbar Info window!), and should be available
through most PD libraries.
8.5
Above and beyond the scope of Edit, it has a host of extra features.
This is the list from the Help file:
8.5
Main features:
8.5
* Display may be in text, byte or disassembly format.
8.5
* Syntax-coloured editing modes for C, Assembler and Basic.
8.5
* All key shortcuts and menus are user-redefinable.
8.5
* Full (Unix style) wildcard search with your own definable macros and
search ‘throwback’ buffers.
8.5
* Proper Unix tabs and true scrollbar operation.
8.5
* Full undo on all operations.
8.5
* Copy key causes standard cursor editing.
8.5
* Fast redraw in system or anti-aliased fonts.
8.5
* Any number of markers on each file, and a facility for following
branches in disassembly mode.
8.5
* Full ARMBE-style Basic Editor.
8.5
* Search as you type with minibuffer.
8.5
* Learns keys sequences.
8.5
* Emacs style Yank (Cut & Paste) and !Edit style move and copy
implemented.
8.5
* C throwback/info supported.
8.5
* Reads disc sectors/tracks and memory of other tasks.
8.5
* Keyboard selection of regions.
8.5
* Taskwindow supports control characters / line-editor.
8.5
* Emacs compatible keymap.
8.5
* Auto indent.
8.5
* Can edit assembler instructions in code mode.
8.5
* Compatible with RISC OS 2 & 3 & Risc PC.
8.5
* Automatic detection of DOS text files.
8.5
My personal favourites (I am a programmer, and mostly just a person who
spews out lots of text) are:
8.5
¬ The colour coding (in anything but plain text): if, for example, you
look at a Basic program or a module, searching for a certain string,
recognisable elements like REMs and Basic key words have their own
colours.
8.5
The incredible configureability (is there such a word in English?):
all the keyboard shortcuts (I didn’t count them, but there seem to be
hundreds) are presented in a plain text list and can be edited very
easily − an example: cB ... LEFT means that <ctrl-B> moves the cursor
left one character − and it is even possible to rebuild the menus,
because they too are defined via a text file!
8.5
® The really powerful find/replace options (admittedly I found the
learning curve rather steep).
8.5
At the price of a copied disc, I found this a very worthwhile
acquisition. Recommended. Jochen Konietzko, Köln. A
8.5
Desktop Lemmings & Oh No More Lemmings
8.5
Andrew Rawnsley
8.5
With the release of the Risc PC, came a problem. The new architecture,
and in particular the VIDC 20, caused incompatibilities with many major
games. The original Lemmings product from Krisalis simply wouldn’t load,
and the copy protected Oh No! disc can’t be read on a high density
drive. Whilst the situation was rectified to some degree by The Arm
Club’s !GameOn! product, Krisalis have gone one better with a complete
re-release of the products in one compilation pack, all enhanced to run
in the desktop, for those moments when word processing begins to get
boring!
8.5
Technicalities
8.5
It is quite remarkable that Krisalis has managed to get the program
running at normal speed within the desktop, a feat never possible on
pre-ARM 6 machines due to the speed constraints. It is also quite a
tribute to Acorn − long live RISC architecture! Indeed, other tasks work
at a fine speed whilst the game is running − it’s going in the
background as I am typing this into Publisher!
8.5
The system is controlled by a module called Client Manager which
generally looks after the desktop side of things. This is particularly
important, because now that both products can be run side by side in the
desktop, new problems arise such as which game should control the audio
− after all, only one can pump out the tunes at once. Client Manager
solves the problem by warning the user that an audio clash is going to
occur, and then runs the second game without sound, allowing the first
to continue as normal − simple! The Client Manager system is PD, and
Krisalis are encouraging games developers to use it in their own
products.
8.5
Enhancements
8.5
When you buy the pack, you get all 120 levels of Classic Lemmings, and
all the other Oh No! levels. There are no new ones, and they all play
exactly the same as the originals. However, you do get a fully Risc PC
compatible version which runs in the desktop (useful for stopping PC and
Mac owners in their tracks), or as a full screen game. This latter
option is a godsend, as you will see...
8.5
Desktop Lemmings − Yes it is that small (nearly!)
8.5
Problems
8.5
Whilst the product appears to be bug free, the problems start with the
sheer size of the screen modes available on the Risc PC. A 1Mb VRAM
machine can easily run at 1024×768 pixels in 256 colours, making this an
ideal resolution for both 14“ and 17” users. It is my mode of choice
until I can afford the 2Mb upgrade. The original Lemmings products were
written for the old mode 13 (320×256), and since all the desktop front
end does is play the old versions in a suitably sized window, it takes
only basic maths to see that, at the high Risc PC resolution, the game
will occupy less than 1/6 of the screen. Naturally, this came as quite a
shock when I first loaded! Fortunately, the game is still very playable
at this size, but I feel sorry for 2Mb VRAM owners who will probably be
running at even higher resolutions
8.5
I have adjusted my modes menu to allow direct access to very low
resolution modes for Lemmings playing, but the better solution is to opt
for the full screen mode. This loses the gimmick of the desktop front
end, but you gain the ease of use produced by having a much larger
version to play.
8.5
Conclusions
8.5
This pack does exactly what it says − it allows you to run Lemmings and
Oh No More Lemmings, both in the desktop and out of it, on the Risc PC.
In doing so, it solves compatibility problems, and gives you a second
chance to hear what is still one of the finest collections of in-game
music around. All for £29.99 inc VAT (or £29 through Archive).
8.5
Throughout the article I have assumed you have played or seen Lemmings
before. If you haven’t, where have you been for the last three years?
All I will say is that it is one of the most jolly and amusing puzzle
games around, and it will appeal to almost everyone.
8.5
If you have the original Lemmings game, paying the full price of the new
version may seem a bit steep, so I would recommend purchasing the rather
cheaper !GameOn! to play it on the Risc PC. Oh No owners are really
stuck I’m afraid − the problem with the disc protection means that you
probably won’t even be able to play the game with !GameOn!.
8.5
However, if you haven’t got a copy of the original Lemmings game, and
just happen to own a Risc PC, Desktop Lemmings and Oh No More Lemmings
will provide you with hours of fun. And when the levels become just a
bit too easy, you can play both games at once...! A
8.5
Help!!!!
8.5
• InterSheet − Does anyone have an InterSheet ROM for BBC (i.e. not the
Archimedes version) they could let us have for a small consideration?
It’s for a friend who still uses a BBC Master − well, why not if it does
the job adequately? Thanks. Ed.
8.5
• Lost Treasures of Infocom Volume 2 – Could anyone tell me where to
get a Hint Book for the above set of 11 text adventures? Volume 1 was
supplied with a Hint Book but nothing with Volume 2! I purchased both
sets from FX Direct in Banbury, but they no longer appear to be in
business. Help is urgently required with “Trinity” as I am stuck with 90
points out of 100. I can be reached at most times of day or evening on
01202–510340, or to Graham Hatcher, 23 Vicarage Road, Moordown,
Bournemouth, BH9 2SA.
8.5
• Mouse Conversion – I have a Logitech TrackMan Stationary Mouse
(basically a serial trackerball for an IBM). I have tried using it in
the serial port with the correct mouse type selection and it gives weird
results. As my serial port is used for other connections, I wish to
adapt it to be used from the normal mouse port. Can anyone help with any
wiring alterations I will need to do or adaptors I may need to build.
The devices has three buttons and I realise I will have to replace the
plug with a suitable one – again can anyone advise me where I can obtain
the correct type of plug. J. Bean, Witney.
8.5
• Parish accounts − Is there anyone out there with such a package? And
how is it better than a spreadsheet? Peter Bond, Carnforth.
8.5
• Tapestreamers − Does anyone have an address for Tanberg or Exabyte or
their main agents in UK? I am looking for manuals for Tanberg 3800 and
Exabyte 8200 tapestreamers. I am willing to pay reasonable costs
including postage to obtain the manuals. Please contact Peter Young, 20
Racecourse Lane, Northallerton, DL7 8RD. A
8.5
NCS Technical Services
8.5
Free after-sales service
8.5
What I neglected to make clear in my article last month (p17) is that we
are still offering free after-sales service, both by phone and letter. I
think that it was implied in what I said about the free hard drive
installation but I agree that I didn’t state it specifically − so let me
do so now.
8.5
If you buy a product from us and have difficulty installing it or if it
goes wrong within the warranty period, our engineers are here to give
you help over the phone (or by letter) with those problems.
8.5
Staff shortage − Currently, due to a staff shortage, it would be most
helpful if you could confine your technical phone calls to the morning.
Thank you.
8.5
Technical help network
8.5
In the ‘spirit of Archive’, we are already getting offers from people
who are prepared to try to answer technical enquiries about different
subjects. If you are prepared to help too, please let us know (a) your
area of expertise, and (b) how you would like to be contacted, e.g. give
address, phone number (or specifically request no phone calls), fax,
email, carrier pigeon, etc.
8.5
To remind you of the way we expect the Technical Help Network to
operate... You send in your technical query on paper or email (i.e. not
by phone). If our engineers can answer it and it is something which
others would be interested to know, we will write it up for the magazine
and send you a copy of the write-up straight away (so you don’t have to
wait for the magazine).
8.5
If it is too specific to be of general interest, we will send it to one
of our Column Editors, e.g. Risc PC, Multimedia, etc, or to one of the
technical help network to see if they can help. If they can’t help
either, we’ll put something in the Help Column. A
8.5
Avie Electronics
8.5
New artwork
8.5
Puzzle Corner
8.5
Colin Singleton
8.5
First of all, may I clarify the puzzle attributed to me by Gerald
Fitton? (See Gerald’s Column, Archive 8.4 p33) I envisaged a table of
figures (rather than a list) with row totals, column totals and a grand
total. I want an algorithm which will round all the figures for
printing, including the totals, each either up or down to the next
integer, but not necessarily to the nearer of the two adjacent integers.
This must be done in such a way that all the rows and columns of
integers, including the totals row and totals column, add up correctly
as printed. Gerald introduced the ‘most suitable’ rule, which can be
applied (quite easily!) for a list of values but, in general, makes the
problem unsolvable for a table of figures.
8.5
No, Gerald, I am not an accountant but I have, in the last thirty years
or so, often had to design software to meet accountants’ requirements.
The above problem arose in real life, sometime in the late ’sixties, but
I have forgotten how I solved it. I never know what to expect in your
column these days − keep up the good work!
8.5
Here are this month’s two − very short − puzzles ...
8.5
(7) Friday the Thirteenth
8.5
This magazine should drop on your doormat within a few days of Friday 13
January, 1995, and that ominous date occurs again in October. But when
was the last time that Friday the Thirteenth occurred three times in
seven consecutive months? And when will this next happen?
8.5
(8) Marbles
8.5
What is the largest number of unit-diameter marbles which can be packed
into a rectangular box measuring 15×12×3? The highest proven answer
submitted will be declared the winner, even if it is not the best
possible.
8.5
... and last month’s two answers ...
8.5
(5) Cheat!
8.5
Answer − One! We can prove this by simple algebra. Let P be the value of
the prize (in pence), and C the cost of each entry. Assume that I make M
correct entries, and there are N other correct entries. My chance of
winning in the draw is M/(M+N). My ‘expected’ prize income is therefore
P·M/(M+N). My cost in postage is M·C. My return (per unit cost) is
therefore P·M/M·C·(M+N) = P/C·(M+N). Whatever the values of P, C and N,
this ratio is reduced by increasing M. Hence I can maximise my
(percentage) return by submitting only one entry to each puzzle.
8.5
(6) The Hole
8.5
Answer: The hole was 5 inches long. We are not told the radius of the
original sphere or of the hole, but the one value given is all we need
to solve the problem. The diagram shows a section through the centre of
the drilled sphere, along the length of the hole. R is the radius of the
sphere, and r the radius of the hole. The length of the hole is 2·l, and
the height of the spherical cap cut off at the end of the hole is h = R
− l. You can calculate the volume of the original sphere, and the volume
of steel drilled out, in terms of these variables, and will find that
most of the variables cancel out. The volume remaining is the same as
the volume of a sphere of radius l. Hence 2·l=5.
8.5
There is, however, a much simpler solution. I told you that you needed
no more information. From that you may conclude that the solution is
independent of the unknown diameters, and therefore holds for the
limiting case in which the diameter of the original sphere is 5 inches,
and the diameter of the hole is zero. The answer is then obvious!
8.5
... congratulations to the previous month’s winners ...
8.5
(3) Tithes Winner − John Hollier of Canterbury.
8.5
(4) Prime Post Winner − Dr W O Riha of Leeds. (The solution was supposed
to have been on the monthly program disc last month. It IS on this
month. Ed.)
8.5
Comments and solutions
8.5
Here’s another unofficial puzzle − unofficial because I do not know the
answer! What is the smallest number of entries you can make in the
National Lottery and be certain of a £10 prize? Please send comments,
contributions and solutions to me at 41 St Quentin Drive, Sheffield, S17
4PN. Solutions by Friday 10th February, 1995, please. Many thanks for
the appreciative comments received to date! A
8.5
The RISC Disc CD
8.5
Jochen Konietzko
8.5
The RISC Disc (Volume 1), produced by Uniqueway Ltd, contains about
500Mb of data and costs £19.95 inc VAT or £19 through Archive. Most of
the software on the disc works under RISC OS 3.1 and 3.5, a handful only
under one of the two.
8.5
Presentation
8.5
The disc has been equipped with a hypertext browser which makes
accessing the various files a real pleasure. It is also different from
The DataFile CD, which was reviewed in Archive 8.2, p65, in that it has
a rather different emphasis. It comes in a number of sections which I
shall deal with in turn.
8.5
Commercial
8.5
On this CD, commercial demos have been given a lot of space. This
section contains working demos and descriptions of well over a hundred
bits of commercial software from 33 software houses (160Mb in all). The
range is from Anglia TV’s description of ten educational CD-ROMs to
4Mation’s fully working demos of sixteen programs − and there’s a whole
volume (Vol. 7) of Archive magazine on the disc.
8.5
In this section, I found a bug: Acorn has put “a massive demo” for the
Risc PC (requires 8+2Mb RAM) on the disc, but I was unable to get it
working properly. Even when it did work, the demo produced lots of “out
of memory” errors when it tried to load some of the applications
supplied with the Risc PC.
8.5
The demo essentially shows that the Risc PC can do lots of nice things
with outline fonts, can play video clips and music, and can create
vector graphics. At this point, my demo always crashed and left me
without a task manager and screen mode manager on the iconbar.
8.5
PD/Shareware
8.5
This part contains over a hundred bits of software covering a very wide
range − from little modules like the one which gives more options to the
Back icon (you can now step through the various layers of windows, both
towards the back and towards the front) to the formula editor TEX (found
on just about every computer system) which takes up more than 11Mb of
disc. This section, divided into Applications, Code, Comms, Demos (the
weakest part), DTP, Games, Sillies, Utilities and Sound, probably
contains something for everyone.
8.5
For those who suffer from the position of <ctrl> on the Risc PC keyboard
of the, there is a Basic program which creates a patch for the keyboard
driver.
8.5
Resources
8.5
The directories in this part contain a number of files to be run with
various viewers, including foreign format films: AVI, which (I think) is
Video for Windows, and FLI, which (again, I think) comes from Apple.
8.5
The JPEG and drawfiles are hidden in copies of ImageBank, which won’t
run on the Risc PC (at least version 0.58 doesn’t on mine), but the
images can be extracted manually. They have cryptic names like 2EA1240D,
but the images are described in a text file in the same directory inside
ImageBank.
8.5
Photo-CD
8.5
Not much to say here: 17 non-exciting Photo-CD images, without a viewer
(at least I didn’t find one). The pictures can be shown with ChangeFSI
or Acorn’s PhotoView (which will have accompanied the CDFS driver for
your CD-ROM drive).
8.5
Useful text files
8.5
This contains a number of files (600Kb in ASCII format) with questions
and answers about Acorn topics, apparently downloaded from the Internet.
8.5
Miscellaneous
8.5
The root directory contains recent versions of ArPlayer (v1.30) and
ArMovie (v0.34) and a Fonts directory with five PD font families for use
with the CD (in addition to the 16 font families in the PD section).
8.5
The Install directory and the text file Intro are worth investigating,
if you wish to use the CD.
8.5
Conclusion
8.5
I am not quite sure for whom this CD is intended. I suppose that those
who will derive the greatest benefits from it are Risc PC owners new to
the Acorn world. A
8.5
Hints and Tips
8.5
• DPatch/DongleKey – This program was on the Archive 7.9 Program Disc
to unlock Impression/Artworks dongles which otherwise can prevent
printing taking place.
8.5
If all CC dongles are removed from a machine, DPatch must be deleted
from the !Boot file. Without a dongle fitted, DPatch will cause all
printer output to be corrupted. I discovered this when transferring
Publisher and Artworks from A5000 to Risc PC and attempting to set up
the A5000 with a Star XB24-10. The Risc PC does not need the patch to
allow printing to go ahead in the absence of Publisher or Artworks. S
Goddard, Bury St Edmunds.
8.5
• Garbled *Screensave: This is a cross between a bug-report and a note
saying, “If this happens to you, you’re not going mad”. I’ve just
started using !Quickshow, a neat little slide-show utility from DeskTop
Projects. When it saved a completed screen to disc, it seemed to write a
garbled sprite, with blocks of the sprite moved around internally.
Examining the code showed that the program simply displays the sprite on
screen and then does a *Screensave to write the sprite to disc.
Furthermore, the corrupting of the sprite didn’t occur when I wrote to
floppy rather than to my hard disc. Writing a one-line Basic program to
perform a screen dump replicated the bug absolutely consistently, and
only in mode 15. I conclude that, on my A310, RISC OS 3.10, with version
1.16 of the Oak SCSI software, with a 270Mb Quantum drive, in mode 15,
*SCREENSAVE to the hard disc has a bug – somewhere! I don’t know what to
suspect, but if you ever encounter garbled sprites, don’t blame the
application – or tear your hair out! Stuart Bell, Horsham.
8.5
• Tablemate warning − Unless your table is small, DO NOT type your data
directly into Tablemate. Instead, type it into a CSV file using Edit and
import that. I have two tables several pages long and did not import the
text. As a result the only way I can now edit them is by exporting
drawfiles and patching them back together. Peter Bond, Carnforth. A
8.5
DTP Column
8.5
Mark Howe
8.5
Take the plunge!
8.5
Why not start 1995 by having your next newsletter, brochure or leaflet
imageset? If you usually have films made from your artwork, you can save
time and improve print quality. If you usually make photocopies, plastic
plates could save you money. If you are a ‘techie’, you can have endless
fun producing your own PostScript and transferring it onto Mac format
SyQuests. If not, both T-J Reproductions and Micro Laser Designs can
quote for a complete service from Impression file to finished print job.
8.5
Memory overload
8.5
Since the last column, I have produced several quite large documents,
including a 2.5Mb two-colour newsletter. I kept a careful log of
problems, as requested by Computer Concepts. My conclusion is that the
stability problems I have experienced with Publisher occur mainly when
RAM is short, although I cannot reproduce the errors systematically. Is
anyone else having this kind of problem?
8.5
RAM availability is going to become an ever more important issue as DTP
users become more ambitious and colour scanners become the norm.
Publisher supports simple slaving to disc (remember that this only works
with multi-file saving). However, to quote Steve Powell of Acorn User,
if you want to work on an 8Mb image on an 8Mb system, “you’re stuffed”.
I sincerely hope that the next version of RISC OS will provide true
virtual memory management.
8.5
So how much RAM do you need for Acorn DTP? I reckon that 4Mb is an
absolute minimum, and even my 8Mb A5000s feel a bit small if I am using
Publisher and several other programs at the same time. Is anyone out
there doing DTP on a 2Mb system? (Yes, there are such people. And is
there any other 2Mb floppy-drive computer in the world that you would
even consider using for DTP?! Ed.)
8.5
Problems of scale
8.5
Colin Singleton wrote that there was no easy way to get back to the
previous scale after using the zoom-rectangle feature of Publisher
(Archive 8.4, p48). I hate to admit it, but if you are using the tool
bar you can do this just by clicking <adjust> on the scale icon. Having
turned off the tool bar, I have to press <ctrl-f9> and click on
‘previous zoom’.
8.5
What about Ovation?
8.5
I am an unashamed Impression fan − criticisms of certain aspects of
Publisher notwithstanding − and I admit that, until recently, I had
assumed that it was the preferred program of all “serious” Acorn DTP
users. However, Jim Nottingham, who uses Ovation alongside Ventura
Publisher, assures me that Ovation compares very favourably with the
opposition. Once Ovation 2 is released, I hope someone will write a
comparative review. In the meantime, how about some Ovation hints and
tips?
8.5
Designing better documents
8.5
Page layout did not start with the A310, or even with the Macintosh.
Drop caps were probably invented by mediaeval monks, and many of the
fonts we use today were designed for use with printing technology that
became obsolete decades or centuries ago.
8.5
The advent of offset litho printing and DTP film origination has removed
many of the limitations which designers through the ages have had to
work with. Fonts no longer have to be physically strong enough to be
carved out of wood or cast in lead. Line spacing is no longer limited by
the rails used to hold letters. Four-colour process printing means that
a vast range of colours can be produced on paper. For the first time
since the invention of the printing press, technology places few
constraints on the creativity of a graphic designer.
8.5
However, freedom without responsibility is always dangerous. In the
right hands, DTP systems can produce highly professional documents,
faster and more cheaply than conventional techniques. In the wrong
hands, the results can be far worse than any typesetter could ever have
produced manually.
8.5
Part 1: Legibility
8.5
This is the most important criterion by which almost any page layout
should be judged: unfortunately, it is also the most frequently
forgotten. If your audience cannot read your text, or if your “creative”
layout makes reading difficult or unpleasant, you have failed.
8.5
Many factors influence legibility. If the column width is too large, the
readers’ eyes will tend to wander before reaching the end of the line.
Conversely, very narrow columns of justified text tend to produce large
gaps between words, which makes reading more difficult.
8.5
Your choice of column width will be affected by the font you intend to
use, as well as its size. Condensed fonts such as Trinity are usually
better for thin columns, while wider fonts such as Palatino (known as
Michael or Pembroke on Acorn systems) can be preferable for wider
columns. As a very rough guide, you should aim for 35-40 characters per
line.
8.5
The default 120% line spacing in Publisher is usually a good starting
point, but you may want to increase this if you have opted for wide text
columns.
8.5
If you are designing a layout for a regular newsletter, it is worth
experimenting with some sample prose to get a combination of font, size,
line spacing and column width that works for your text. Your writing
style makes a difference: if you like long words, your columns will need
to take more characters per line to avoid gaps. Hyphenation can help
here: contrary to popular belief, hyphenated text is easier to read than
unhyphenated text with large gaps in it.
8.5
Make sure that you have left sufficient space between columns. This is
especially important if you intend to used left-justified text, to avoid
the eye skipping from column to column.
8.5
If you must use underlining, type the text in capitals or move the line
down so that it does not obscure the descenders of lower case
characters.
8.5
Be careful when using shading, especially if you plan to print your
document on a relatively low resolution device with big halftone dots.
8.5
If you put text in a box, or when flowing text around an illustration,
make sure that there is a generous margin between the text and any
lines. This can be achieved in Impression using ‘Inset H’ and ‘Repel
text outside’ respectively in the ‘alter frame’ dialogue box.
8.5
Reckless use of colour can be disastrous. Your new Risc PC may be able
to display 16 million hues, but you do not have to use them all on every
page! The best colour for text is black, followed by blue (this is
because the fovea − the part of the retina used when reading − has no
blue-yellow cones, and so blue text is effectively perceived as black).
Go for pale backgrounds. If you decide to put white text on a dark
background, be sure to use a bold font: otherwise the letters will tend
to fill in.
8.5
For four colour process on anything but the best rotary presses, it is
best to stick to black, magenta or cyan text at small sizes. In other
colours, the edges of each letter will end up with a two or three
coloured shadow unless registration is perfect. Alternatively, use a
spot colour (a special ink of the right colour).
8.5
Make sure your document contains enough white space: in other words, do
not try to fill every square millimetre. Allow generous margins around
the edge of each page. Headings should stand apart from any text above
them. Leave some space between paragraphs, or indent the first lines.
Small text with plenty of white space and generous line spacing can be
more legible than larger, cramped text.
8.5
Imagesetting part 2: Mastering master pages
8.5
You should start thinking about how you will print your DTP documents
from the moment you begin designing the basic layout. Failure to do this
may mean a lot of extra work at the last minute. In particular,
Publisher users will need to choose or create a suitable master page.
8.5
You may find a ready-made master page which is suitable for your
purposes, but I find that the margins are far too small (in fact, my
Brother HL4 laser printer cannot print the top line of text if I use the
default Publisher master page).
8.5
Creating your own master page is actually very simple, but first you
need to make some decisions about the shape of your document.
Personally, I tend to draw a rough sketch and then work out all the
frame sizes with a calculator.
8.5
The first ‘new master page’ entry requires a name. Choose something
meaningful: if you are designing an A4 landscape page with bleeds, I
would suggest something like ‘A4+Land’.
8.5
The page size buttons are fairly self-explanatory. If you use the custom
settings, make sure that you select ‘portrait’ or ‘landscape’ first:
otherwise, the figures you enter will swap places.
8.5
‘Facing pages’ is useful if you intend to produce left and right hand
pages of a booklet on separate sheets. If you choose this option,
‘Guttering’ sets the amount of extra space to leave for binding at the
centre of the finished document. For a document of less than sixteen or
so pages, I would recommend laying up pairs of pages yourself onto one
larger master page (see Figure 1 overleaf). In this way you will save
your printer time when he prepares the plates. While it is possible to
use the pamphlet printing feature when imagesetting, it is somewhat
tricky and probably best avoided.
8.5
‘Margins’ sets the amount of space to be left at the edge of the master
page. Note that, if you are laying two or more pages out on one master
page, you will have to set the lefthand margin of the righthand page and
the righthand margin of the lefthand page manually. This is because
Publisher cannot yet read minds, and thus has no way of knowing that you
are going to fold the finished sheet of paper in half.
8.5
‘Columns’ is extremely useful in some circumstances, especially if you
dislike arithmetic. Given the number of columns and either the column
width or the gap between them, it will automatically calculate the
missing figure. If, for example, you wished to produce a master page for
two single column pages with side margins of 15mm, you would set
‘number’ to 2 and ‘gaps’ to 30mm (i.e. 2×15mm). It cannot handle columns
with variable gaps between them: in this case, generate the correct
number of columns of the necessary width and move them using ‘alter
frame’ afterwards. The ‘columns’ section of the dialogue box also
includes a button labelled ‘guide frames’. More of this below!
8.5
‘Vertical rules’ will place a frame with a thin black border between
each column. In some circumstances this can be useful, but most of the
time you will want to leave it switched off.
8.5
Finally, the control for bleeds is hiding in the ‘page control’ sub-
dialogue box. The printers I use like 5mm bleeds. You can also switch on
a page grid from here, but I find guide frames more useful.
8.5
Once you have worked through this list, a click on OK will give you your
new master page. If you have made a mistake, you can use ‘alter master
page’, but note that the name is misleading: a better description would
be ‘new master page based on an old one’. You can add extra frames to a
master page or alter existing ones in the usual way.
8.5
To use your new master page, simply select it using ‘Alter chapter’. A
word of warning here: you will not be able to select a master page
consisting entirely of guide frames if you have previously typed text
into the currently selected master page.
8.5
What about Style users, who do not have control over bleeds? If
upgrading is too expensive or if, like Gerald Fitton, you don’t think
the new features are worth the pain of having to live with a dongle, you
can produce bleeds manually. Make a master page that is slightly larger
than normal (twice the size of the bleed to be precise), offset the
position of all the frames by the size of the bleed, and then place a
transparent frame the size of the finished page and with cut mark
borders (Nº 11) over the top of all your other frames. It isn’t elegant,
but I used this technique any number of times with 2.19 and it seemed to
work!
8.5
What’s so good about guide frames?
8.5
Guide frames are a powerful Publisher feature which makes very flexible
page layouts possible, but since CC decided not to include them in
Impression Style, I suspect that many users have never used them. Unlike
text or graphics frames, guide frames do not contain anything
themselves: they act as a framework on which to “hang” other frames. In
effect, they make it possible to set up a user-defined grid on which
each page can be arranged.
8.5
Guide frames are particularly useful for multiple column newsletters.
Figure 1 shows a master page for a typical two-column layout. The page
is A4 landscape with 5mm bleeds (shown in grey). I have numbered them in
the order I suggest you create them. The co-ordinates of the guide
frames are as follows:
8.5
Frame X Y Width Height
8.5
1 -5 -5 153.5 30
8.5
2 148.5 -5 153.5 30
8.5
3 -5 25 153.5 190
8.5
4 148.5 25 153.5 190
8.5
5 15 15 56.75 170
8.5
6 76.75 15 56.75 170
8.5
7 163.5 15 56.75 170
8.5
8 225.25 15 56.75 170
8.5
9 15 190 118.5 5
8.5
10 163.5 190 118.5 5
8.5
Figure 1
8.5
Figure 2
8.5
Some of the guide frames may need a little explanation. Frames 5-8 are
for columns of text or graphics. Frames 9 and 10 are for page footers
(note that the automatic page numbering feature will not work if you
decide to lay up pages in this way).
8.5
Frames 1-4 define the position of page bleeds. They make it possible to
snap to the edge of the document, and also to take a bleed exactly to
the middle of the document (i.e. where the fold will be). I have used
four frames instead of two to allow a standard height frame for Archive-
style titles to be snapped at the top of each pair of columns.
8.5
In order to use guide frames, you will have to turn them on using Frame
> Snap to > Snap to guides. This seems like a good point to mention
another of my minor complaints about Publisher. With earlier versions of
Impression, it was possible to save a default document with ‘snap to
guides’ on and ‘snap to frames’ off. I can no longer do this with
Publisher, which is a shame since this is the configuration I almost
always want to use.
8.5
You are now ready to begin putting text and graphics frames onto your
page layout. Figure 2 shows what a finished document might look like.
Note the use of frame insets. Using the guide frames you can position
the frames without having to type in lots of figures and still end up
with something fairly consistent.
8.5
To finish with, we have a contribution from Barbara Logan about...
8.5
Footnotes
8.5
A serious omission from Impression Publisher is a feature to produce
automatic footnotes, of the type which are included when writing essays
or articles with references to work by other authors. All the good word
processors that I have used on the PC have had the ability to do this.
(I must admit that I cannot see how CC could implement a fully automatic
footnotes feature, given the great flexibility of page layout that
Publisher allows. Does anyone know if XPress or PageMaker do footnotes?
MH)
8.5
This is the method I have developed to help keep footnotes in the right
place in Publisher documents. When you come to a place where a footnote
reference should be inserted, enter the next number using superscript
text.1
8.5
8.5
Draw a frame the full width of the page (if you are working in 2 or more
columns it can only be the width of one column but make it deeper so
that it has approximately the same area as a page width frame). Put a
border on the top only and leave a space between the border and the 1st
line of text. Reduce the font size or have another style set up with a
reduced font size. In the new frame type the footnote.
8.5
Cut the new frame. Place the cursor immediately after the note number
and press <shift-ctrl-F>. This will embed the frame into the text and
keep it with the reference. If you move the reference to another part of
the document, move the frame containing the footnote with it.
8.5
Add another embedded frame for every new footnote. If two are close
together and likely to appear on the same page, make the 2nd frame
smaller and omit the border.
8.5
When the document is finished, spellchecked and proof read, move the
frames to the bottom of the page on which they appear. Start at the
beginning of the document and work to the end in order to check layout
as you go. To do this you will need to delete the frame then paste it
back at the bottom. Second notes appearing on the same page can be
copied from their frame into the one at the bottom and the second frame
deleted. With practice, it is possible to size the frames so that there
is minimal disruption to layout. Usually I number the references as I go
but if there are a lot of references and I am moving text around I add
the numbers when I move the footnotes to the foot of the page.
8.5
Next month...
8.5
I intend to take a closer look at generating PostScript from Publisher,
and air some more of my views on graphic design. Please send me your
comments, hints, tips and DTP articles, either via the Archive office or
directly to 2 Montée des Carrelets, 84360 Lauris, France. Fax 00-33-
90084139. A
8.5
1 The key press for superscript is Shift+Ctrl+J.
8.5
Spreadsheet Column
8.5
Chris Johnson
8.5
Version 3 of Eureka has emerged very quietly, having been launched at
the recent Acorn World Show. I have yet to see any hard selling through
magazine advertisements. Paul very kindly sent me a review copy to have
a look at, and I present here my first impressions.
8.5
The review pack contained, in addition to the Eureka 2 release program
and examples discs and complete manual, an additional Eureka 3 program
disc and a very slim supplement to the manual (15 pages in total, the
first two of which are simply the title page and a list of credits,
copyright statements and acknowledgements). I assume those upgrading
will receive for their money the version 3 disc together with the
supplement to the manual.
8.5
Since the latest version of Eureka is now too large to get onto one
800Kb floppy disc, the Eureka 3 program disc contains ArcFS and a
compressed directory containing Eureka itself. Installing the new
version is simplicity itself. Double-click on ArcFS, and then double
click on the Eureka directory. A directory display containing the
familiar red Eureka icon opens. All that is required is to drag the
Eureka icon into a suitable directory viewer on your hard disc.
Installation completed! Compare this with the 13 discs of Excel!
8.5
On first loading the new version, I was gratified to find that the wimp
slot taken is no larger than that taken by version 2, even although
there is more functionality in the new version. The first test was to
load a large sheet created in Eureka 2. There were no problems here, and
I have found in further tests that every sheet I tried loaded
faultlessly. The most obvious visual difference is that Eureka 3 now has
the inevitable button bar. This is actually two alternative button bars,
between which one toggles using a button at the far right hand end of
each of the bars. The first bar brings such operations as saving,
printing, cut, copy, paste, toggling grid lines on and off, etc, only a
mouse click away (although I still find some of the key shortcuts are
quicker). I find the alternative button bar, which carries a number of
the more common “presentation” buttons, e.g. text alignment, number
format, font, font style, font size, light grey cell background, and
certain borders, is more useful. Once you have got into the habit of
using the button bars, rather than the menus, some operations become
much quicker, e.g. toggling row/column headings or grid on and off when
exporting the sheet. It is now very fast to outline, or underline, a
group of cells. For example, to outline a block of cells, simply drag-
select the block, and click on the border icon. The toolbar is attached
to the edit window, which takes up the full width of the screen, even on
a very large Risc PC mode. There seems to be a wide expanse of empty
window in such modes. I would prefer it if the size could be altered,
although this is a very minor niggle.
8.5
What I believe is the greatest enhancement is that it is now possible to
export a worksheet directly into Publisher or Style. More importantly,
clicking on the imported sheet with <ctrl> held down, loads it back into
Eureka ready for editing. Thus OLE is fully supported. You simply save
the sheet, or a selection, into Impression, using the Impression OLE
option in the ‘save as’ dialogue box. My only comment here is that this
option is right at the bottom of the list of save options, and you have
to scroll the small ‘save as’ option window through the various Lotus
and Excel options each time to get to it. I have demonstrated the OLE
editing to a couple of postgraduates who are currently preparing their
PhD theses using Acorn systems, with Publisher and Eureka 2 and so on,
and from their response, you would have thought I was giving them manna
from heaven, or perhaps a free supply of McEwans Export! Multitasking
Publisher and Eureka is fine on a 10 Mb Risc PC, but memory is tight on
an older A series 4 Mb machine running such little excesses as Acorn’s
Newlook, a dustbin, SparkFS and Menon! However, it can be done, and for
those who regularly include “live” spreadsheets within Impression
documents, life will now be so much simpler. For me, this one facility
will make it worth the upgrade cost.
8.5
There have been improvements to the charting facilities. In particular,
a chart can now be embedded into the spreadsheet, rather than having to
be in a separate window. There is a new chart dialogue box which
simplifies the production of the chart. An embedded chart can be edited
by clicking on it with <ctrl> held down. I think this is a much more
satisfactory way of handling charts in a sheet, although the previous
method is still available should you prefer it.
8.5
There have been no significant changes to printing sheets. There have
been some bug(?) fixes. For example, in Eureka 2, although you could
display borders of differing line thickness, and double line borders, on
screen, I was never able to get such borders to print correctly. The new
version does now print all the border options correctly. There have also
been improvements made to headers and footers. These can now be of
different customisable size, and a new dialogue box, accessed from the
page setup dialogue box, makes it an easier process to left, right and
centre justify parts of the header or footer. The font style can also
be changed.
8.5
One omission I find infuriating is that there is still no print preview
facility, so you still have to print out a multipage sheet to find out
where the page breaks are going to come. In Excel, against which Eureka
is often judged, there is a preview facility, so you can see where page
breaks will come, and easily select particular pages to print. In
Eureka, printing is now done in the background, so one can carry on
multitasking while a large sheet is being printed.
8.5
There have been a number of other changes to improve the general
presentation aspects. It is now possible to import a graphic, e.g. a
drawfile, sprite, or Artworks file. This allows the incorporation of
logos or whatever to enhance the sheet. Such graphics can be rescaled,
copied and pasted and so on, but obviously cannot be edited. A new
dialogue box allows you to change the border, including drop shadow
effects, or background of a graphic.
8.5
One feature that I have not yet tested is the ability to import and
export sheets in Excel 3 and 4 format, retaining much of visual aspect
of a sheet. For some users this is very important. Indeed, in our
department, I am one of only two academic staff who have stuck with
Acorn, in the face of much adverse comment. Most other academic staff
use Apple Macs of various vintages, and Excel 5 is the preferred
spreadsheet. I intend to try some file transfers between the two systems
in the new year, and will report in a later issue. To date, I have
always managed to do the very limited amount of file exchange I find
necessary using ASCII files. (The main problem experienced by Apple
users seems to involve the File Exchange program which reads and writes
to MS-DOS discs and gives them no end of problems.) Here, Acorn users
are spoilt, being able to simply insert an MS-DOS disc in the drive and
then click on it, or drag files to or from it, as if it were a native
disc!
8.5
I hope to update this initial report once I have had a few weeks of use
out of Eureka 3. I should be grateful for any feedback from readers on
the new version of Eureka.
8.5
How to contact me
8.5
My postal address is Chris Johnson, 7 Lovedale Grove, Balerno,
Edinburgh, EH14 7DR; I can also be contacted by e-mail as
checaj@uk.ac.hw.vaxb if you have access to JANET.
8.5
I am happy to receive anything in connection with spreadsheets, hints or
tips, macros, problems, solutions to problems, or just requests for
help. What would be of interest are examples of unusual uses of
spreadsheets. A
8.5
SCSI Card Compatibility − Update
8.5
Jim Nottingham
8.5
The initial cut of the SCSI interface compatibility survey (8.2 p57)
seems to have been well-received and has triggered large batches of
reports from readers and manufacturers. As a result of all this
invaluable help, a number of gaps have been filled and, numerically, the
database has more than trebled in size. Almost without exception, the
new data has tended to confirm the initial findings, significantly
improving the general level of confidence. I was delighted to hear four
readers’ problems had been sorted out as a result of advice contained in
other contributors’ letters (Stop Press: make that five...). This is
exactly what had been hoped for and perhaps the expanded data might
provide further clues. As the man says, it’s good to talk.
8.5
The database
8.5
The updated table is presented in the same general format as before so
please check with the original article if any explanation is required.
In addition to readers’ experiences, Alsystems (“A”) have advised on
which interfaces the listed NEC CD-ROM drives are known to work,
provided the CDFS is updated to v2.20 or later. Similarly, David Pilling
(“P”) has provided a wealth of data based on his experiences in devising
Twain drivers for various scanners.
8.5
My very grateful thanks to both these organisations and to the 40+
readers who have supplied data in addition to all the detailed advice,
which I will try to summarise in the rest of this article. While we are
in eulogy mode, could I also commend Dalriada Data Technology for their
TableMate2 application (8.4 p8), used to present the table. Keeping it
up to date as the data came in was an almost daily task and showed
TableMate to be a very stable, user-friendly and productive tool; highly
recommended for anyone with table-making requirements.
8.5
The SCSI cards
8.5
More interfaces have appeared on the list and new data on individual
manufacturers’ products are as follows:
8.5
• SCSI II − The Cumana SCSI II card is now generally available. It is
compatible with all Acorn machines which will accept a standard podule
but will provide the enhanced SCSI II performance only in the Risc PC.
Readers have reported some configuration problems with software
solutions and Cumana are said to be determined to make their cards work
with everything. The Pioneer CD-ROM is not yet supported but a driver is
in the pipeline. Both Alsystems and Castle Technology have SCSI II
interfaces in preparation which are scheduled for release in early-1995.
Availability will be confirmed through the Products Available column.
(Provided the two companies in question inform send me details when they
are available. Ed.)
8.5
• Mini-podules − More interfaces for the A3000 series of machines have
been listed, although user-reports have been received only for the
Cumana card. Despite it being ‘only’ an 8-bit interface, readers seem to
be very happy with its performance.
8.5
• Atomwide − There was a record of successful use of the external SCSI/
Printer interface to run SyQuest removable cartridge drives from an A4.
(We use one on an A3010 in the office. Ed.)
8.5
• Castle Technology − In addition to supplying and supporting the ex-
Lindis/Lingenuity cards, Castle Technology are marketing their own
interfaces.
8.5
• HCCS − Reportedly, the HCCS 16-bit card is not compatible with Risc PC
and unlikely to be updated.
8.5
• Morley − Although Morley have said their cards should be used only in
podule slot 1 of the Risc PC, one reader recorded successful use in the
top slot (3) of his ACB45. Almost every user complained of computer
crashes if Toshiba CD-ROM or SyQuest removable cartridge drives were
accessed when a CD or cartridge was not loaded (see original article for
details). Morley are aware of both these problems and, although they
have yet to implement a fix for the SyQuest problem, they say the CD-ROM
problem has now been resolved. However, one reader reports anomalies
with the updated module.
8.5
• Oak − Sadly, this popular card is no longer marketed by Oak Solutions
but a CDFS upgrade is available from them for £25 plus VAT. Note that
this upgrade does not support PhotoCD. The good news is that IFEL are
hoping to market and fully support the interface in the near future so,
again, details will be given in Products Available as soon as
availability is confirmed. (As long as IFEL send me the relevant
details. Ed.)
8.5
• Serial Port − The current status of the various State Machine
interfaces is that the Alpha-series standard cards (including those with
the HD interface) and the EcoSCSI card are discontinued but CDFS updates
including PhotoCD support are available from them for £35 inclusive of
VAT. The TurboSCSI card for the A3000/3010/4000 is discontinued but
remaining stocks, with the latest version of CDFS, are available for £75
inc VAT.
8.5
SCSI devices
8.5
The reported range of SCSI devices in use has increased considerably
and, in general terms, user-comments mirror those from the first batch.
8.5
• Quantum drives − There were further reports of problems with Quantum
hard disc drives, but only at the lower end of the capacity range, i.e.
125Mb or less (there is also a record of identical ‘broken directory’
symptoms with a 116Mb IDE drive).
8.5
• Rodime − There is still some confusion over the model numbers of the
Rodime hard disc drives. The 43Mb drive looks to be RO3000T but the
101Mb drive is variously reported as either RO3000T or RO5000S.
8.5
• Cartridge drives − SyQuest came in for some good words on the standard
of their sales and technical support (see the Factfile for contact
details). One bit of info I hadn’t seen elsewhere was that SyQuest
drives are supplied with a 2-year warranty and cartridges come with a 5-
year warranty.
8.5
• Floptical/magneto-optical drives − It was pointed out that I had
grouped two quite different variants of magneto-optical (MO) devices
under a somewhat inappropriate heading. I go along with this and have
now separated the two types on the revised table. The ‘floptical’ drives
can read and write to floppy discs in the conventional manner but use a
laser system to read/write to special 21Mb capacity discs. There are
reports of configuration difficulties and operating limitations (6.11
p35; 7.4 p16; 7.6 p21) and Morley, for example, no longer supply these
drives. The other type uses discs rather like CDs and, again, use a
laser for reading and in the writing process. The reader-reports of the
121Mb units mention few problems but I am aware of considerable
operating difficulties with higher-capacity variants (up to 650Mb) in
the PC world. Double-sided drives (1.3Gb!) are just becoming available
for Acorn machines.
8.5
• Tape streamers − Of the four units reported, three are working well
but needed specific configurations to get them to run. The fourth is
reportedly not working. Details are available from me.
8.5
• CD-ROM drives − In general, once users had upgraded their SCSI cards
to install the latest version of CDFS (v2.21), virtually all the CD-ROM
drives then reportedly worked well. There were two reports of the PC
Emulator support disc being used successfully to enable PC-format CDs to
be read.
8.5
• Scanners − The data listed for the Integrex, Mustek and Aries/Relisys
scanners are based on the suppliers’ recommended interfaces for these
devices. Castle Technology market the Mustek Paragon series scanners.
Everyone using David Pilling’s Twain drivers seems to be happy with them
and they are bundled with many scanner packages.
8.5
Termination
8.5
Readers’ reactions to the original cut of the survey revealed
considerable confusion over correct termination and I understand Dave
Webb’s article in Archive 8.3 p67 has corrected a number of
misconceptions. Since then, a ‘gotcha’ affecting only the Acorn
interface has become apparent; there are no terminators on the card. So,
if the Acorn interface needs to be terminated (e.g. if it is being used
in a Risc PC/A5000 where the internal drive is an IDE device), this is
done by plugging a terminator into the unused, internal SCSI socket.
Unfortunately, the terminator (Acorn Part No. 0173,015) may be difficult
to obtain. An alternative method is to fit a ‘through’ terminator,
externally, to the Centronics socket at the rear of the interface. This
item looks like a free-standing terminator but with an extra socket on
the back for the normal SCSI cable leading to other devices. Mine is
stamped ‘Micronet Technology Inc. MI0001’.
8.5
Sales support
8.5
Wow! A large portion of my postbag has been taken up with this subject,
varying from fulsome praise to somewhat unprintable criticisms. A number
of manufacturers and retailers attracted comments at both ends of the
spectrum and such inconsistencies make it very difficult to present a
balanced summary. So I’m going to chicken out of making specific
recommendations this time and merely refer readers to the more general
advice given in the first cut.
8.5
The postbag
8.5
Once again, my sincere thanks for all the reports received to date. A
number of readers are planning to add further devices to their systems
and have offered to send details of their experiences, so I’m
anticipating the database will keep expanding, particularly in the area
of CD-ROMs and colour scanners.
8.5
Of necessity, the table is reproduced at less than optimum size so, if
you have problems deciphering the detail, by all means send me your
name, address and return postage and I’ll send you an A3 print (I’ll
supply the large envelope). By the same token, keep the requests for
reports coming. Even if the combination of interface and device you are
considering does not feature on the table, send me a note anyway. It may
be that future reports will cover it and, in that event, I will pull
your request out of store and get a copy in the post to you. Jim
Nottingham, 16 Westfield Close, Pocklington, York, YO4 2EY. A
8.5
Risc PC Column
8.5
Keith Hodge
8.5
Monitors
8.5
I have received a number of letters referring to the loud noise made by
some of the 17“ Acorn monitors when they are first switched on. The
noise is reported to be due to the magnetic screening at the rear of the
CRT flexing when the switch on degaussing action takes place. This
screening seems to be more flexible on some monitors than others. It is
however, nothing to worry about.
8.5
TWO floppy disc drives!!!
8.5
Hurrah!!!!! There is now a way to have two floppy disc drives on your
Risc PC. The very clever people at H.E.C. have produced the solution to
all my problems. ‘Actilead’ is a straight forward adaptor lead which
contains some logic (powered from the disc drive power connector) and
which is simply fitted in place of the existing existing ribbon cable.
The adaptor also provides the required power connectors − simply
excellent! (The only thing to note, is that the second drive must remain
linked as drive 0, because the logic looks after drive identity.)
Actilead costs £19.99 +VAT + carriage from HEC or £25 inclusive through
Archive.
8.5
Software information
8.5
Elliot Hughes has sent me a very detailed series of documents which
contains information both on booting the machine and also the new
features in RISC OS 3.5 that he has discovered. I will try and use some
of the information and report on my progress. In the meantime, I have
placed it all on the monthly disc so that anybody who requires a good
insight into the machine will have a good excuse for buying the monthly
disc.
8.5
Thank you to all the readers who rang me to offer a copy of Zap (v1.2)
which works on the Risc PC. There has been more feedback on this item
than any other. Even Memphis did not get quite this level of response.
Zap undoubtedly represents the standard to which other text editors must
look and I would suggest that people who find it as useful as I do, will
follow my example and send the author a small donation when registering
to encourage him to produce further PD of this excellent standard.
8.5
Software compatibility
8.5
I now have David Pilling’s (©Miles Sabins) BubbleHelp2 application
(reviewed on page 79) which is, for me, a further improvement on the
original as it addresses one off my pet likes, which is that pressing
<f1> turns the help bubble on, so when I demonstrate it to my friends
who are PC freaks they can no longer complain about the lack of a
standard help function key for all software. Well done, David and Miles.
Now all we need is for all application writers to fully support it.
8.5
Hardware and software news
8.5
Bernard Veasey has responded to my request (8.3 p79) for the module
versions in use with his Vertical Twist(VTI) 16 Bit SCSI interface
(v1.01 Oct 92). He also advises that he has now added a CC-supplied,
Canon IX4015 colour scanner and uses David Pilling’s Twain (v1.05) with
PhotoDesk (v1.21) and this combination is working well. Also of interest
is further confirmation that the Laser Direct Qume does work when used
with v2.63 software
8.5
I have purchased a Canon IX4015 from Irlam Instruments. This package is
provided with their cProi-Mage software but, at the moment, I am not
using it as there are a number of complications when used with my boot
sequence on the Risc PC. The main problem is caused by the software
refusing to initialise unless the scanner is turned on and as we
probably only scan two or three documents a day, it is normally switched
off. This, of course, causes real problems when you have set the
computer to boot the application on startup, as it does not load. This
is compounded by the fact that even if the scanner is switched on, my
version puts up a copyright message which you have to respond to by
clicking on “Yes” in the copyright window. However, the window is buried
under the window produced when Prophet is loaded, and so, of course, as
soon as my wife clicks the mouse on anything, cProi-Mage interprets this
as a “No” and promptly dies! (Why not just put cProi-Mage on the
pinboard so that it is available when required? Ed.) This leads to a
very confused wife when she goes to use the scanner but is unable to
find the required icon on the iconbar! However, all is not lost, as I
have David Pilling’s excellent Twain (v1.05), ImageMaster (v1.03 16
May 94) and ArcFax (v1.13 14 July 94) applications and these work well
and, most importantly, do no more than complain that the “Scanner is not
responding” when you attempt to scan. Much more user friendly. That
said, the cProi-Mage software is very user-friendly once loaded, and can
be used by anyone with any RISC OS experience. The rubber banding used
to allow selection of the image portion required is particularly good.
8.5
Readers comments
8.5
From Doug Tuddenham:
8.5
‘There is one subject which I cannot recall being covered with any of
the operating systems and that is the bugs or “features” which have been
cured by the latest OS. Most of us have large collections of patches and
work arounds that we have acquired over time and it would be nice to
know which of these can be dispensed with. Unfortunately, as with the
original printer problems on the Archimedes, checking them out, in most
cases, requires numerous tweaks followed by rebooting of the machine and
this could prove very time-consuming. (Would one of our more
technically-minded readers like to co-ordinate this?).
8.5
Following on from that, I have noticed a very lax method of referring to
versions of the Operating System. OS2 is fair enough and so is OS3.5
with reference to the Risc PC but OS3 is not so clear. Does it mean OS3
only as fitted to the A5000 and its attendant bugs, does it stand for
OS3 and OS3.1, or OS3.1 only, or does it cover OS3xx? I must admit to
being very confused.’ (We reckon OS3 refers to 3.1x, i.e. NOT 3.0 which,
as far as Acorn are concerned, does not exist. M.H.)
8.5
From Robin Hampshire:
8.5
‘I too have found that the !Boot application on the Risc PC contains a
lot of substance (8.3 p79). Perhaps as a less experienced computer user
than yourself, my more superficial delving into its innards have
produced rather simpler solutions to the problems you have encountered.
What is certainly true is that there now seems to be several different
ways to achieve precisely the same results’.
8.5
) Including applications in the !Apps filing system can also be
achieved quite simply by placing the applications concerned in the Apps
directory in $. This also has the advantage in that if you need to
access the application innards for any reason then there is no need to
remember whether it is stored within a business, comms, utility or
whatever directory. I know you can’t access the program files from the
!Apps icon, but if they are all in the Apps directory then they are
quite easy to find.
8.5
2) Any applications that you want on the iconbar at start up can be
told to Filer_Run in the !Boot.Choices.Boot.Tasks.!Boot file, which is
almost equivalent to the OS 3.1 !Boot file. Then the application itself
can be wherever you want it to be. So, leaving Edit in the Apps
directory and including Resources:$.Apps.!Edit as a line in
!Boot.Choices.Boot.Tasks.!Boot will leave Edit where others expect it to
be. This technique also allows your Prophet file to be loaded without
having to write a separate !Obey file for it.
8.5
Robin’s comments, for me, actually crystallize something on which I wish
Acorn would make a definitive statement. That is the recommended method
of defining the desktop condition when the machine boots. We are not all
programmers − many of us are just users. We want to be able, when adding
a new application to the hard disc, to be prompted by the installation
software as to whether the application is needed on the iconbar at
bootup, or is required to be available in the Apps window on the
iconbar, etc. Now for this to happen, the software writers have to have
guidelines. Do these exist? If so, can somebody (Computer Concepts?)
explain them and I will put the explanation in the column for all to
know. This has to happen if Acorn is to capture more of the “users”
market, i.e. the type of people who buy an IBM 486 PC and expect and get
software which installs itself just by booting the installation disc and
the user responding to a few well-hinted questions.
8.5
Next is a letter from David Webb, which I feel is a fair measure of the
average new owners learning curve:
8.5
‘I have been an Acorn owner since 1986 and still have a 1987 A410/1 with
ARM 3 RISC OS 3.1 which is still going strong. My daughter has an Amiga
1200, which serves her purpose and I would describe myself as a
competent PC user.
8.5
I purchased my Risc PC600 ACB45 in May 1994 from my local Acorn Dealer −
Computer Depot in Glasgow. Within 10 minutes of unpacking the computer,
it was up and running and I encountered no initial problems.
8.5
The first things that impressed me were the lightness of the computer
and the ease with which you can open it up (I cannot resist tinkering
I’m afraid). Also the fan is much quieter than on the Archimedes.
8.5
The length of cable on the keyboard and mouse is excellent and I have
been more than pleased with the monitor performance. I have a Microvitec
Cubscan 1440 on the Archimedes and after downloading a monitor
definition file from Arcade BBS, I decided to try the monitor for a few
days with no problems.
8.5
I have not carried out any extensive testing on the monitor, but one
advantage with the 1440 is that you do not get any letter box modes when
using mode 15, etc. (Matthew Newton has just sent us a non-letterbox
definition file for AKF60 − on the monthly program disc. Ed.) The one
downside of the 1440 is that, when using 1024×768 in 256 colours, there
is a perceptible flicker on the screen. I have never encountered this
with the AKF60.
8.5
Other hardware that I am using, all of the below were swapped from the
Archimedes: Watford electronics hand scanner, the original version not
the MK II − no problems and is very fast, HCCS − HiVision digitiser − no
problems (now upgraded to Vision24) and Aleph One 386/25 PC card − no
problems except with CD-ROM − see below.
8.5
Most of the serious software I possess has been upgraded and works with
no problems. Including the latest versions of Hearsay II and ArcFax and
many others too long to list.
8.5
The main problem is with games, most of which I cannot get to work:
almost all of the 4th Dimension (some older games work) − they will
supply a list of compatible programs if you phone them; Wonderland, Mig-
29, Interdictor 1 & 2, Zool, Cyborg, Quark, Alderbaran (even with a fix
module from Arcade BBS), FRED. This is not a detailed list, but I will
supply one if anyone asks.
8.5
A recent addition has been a Cumana 300iA CD-ROM drive which comes
complete with ProArtCD and an upgrade option to ProArt 2. Although I am
no graphic artist, it appears to work very well and meets my own needs.
8.5
1) The 300iA has a direct link to the motherboard for sound output
through the internal sound system. The instructions tell you to connect
to LK14 and gives detailed instructions of its location. unfortunately
my motherboard did not have this link.
8.5
I phoned Acorn Customer services who told me to contact Granada and they
replaced the motherboard within 24 hours and with no charge − problem
Nº1 solved.
8.5
2) I attempted to use the CD-ROM with the Aleph One 386 card and failed
miserably.
8.5
I used DOS versions 3.2, 3.3, 4.0, 5 and 6.0. I tried using A1CD.SYS
supplied by Aleph One and three different versions of MSCDEX. I even
tried using PCEmulator CD drivers and the best I could obtain was no
recognisable CD drives attached. I spent three days and used every
combination of setup that I could think of within the Autoexec.bat and
Config.sys (including a few which Cumana and some Arcade BBS users
suggested).
8.5
Cumana were extremely helpful but did not find a solution. The gentleman
I spoke to could not actually test any of his suggestions as he had no
access to a Risc PC! (I do not know your name but thanks for the
assistance anyway!)
8.5
I had previously decided to sell the 386 card which I have now done, so
I did not cure the problem.
8.5
I decided to upgrade to the latest version of PC Soft which cost £10.57
from Acorn Direct and had the CD drive working within 10 minutes.
8.5
I have not gone into great detail as I only wish to give potential
Risc PC owners a taste of some of the experiences they may encounter. I
have been extremely pleased with the machine so far and was not
surprised by the games which do not work.
8.5
I am well aware that, as games programmers push specific models of
computers to their limits, there is always going to be a compatibility
issue. Again this is not meant as a criticism of programmers but only to
warn potential owners not to expect every item of software they possess,
to work’. David Webb, Eastfield, Cumbernauld.
8.5
Matthew Hunter at NCS has had similar problems. He reckons that the
Aleph One card needs to see the CD-ROM configured whereas the Cumana
application will put a CD-ROM on the iconbar even if CDFSdrives is
configured to 0.
8.5
Wish list for next Risc PC / New issues of Basic
8.5
Can we have slots in the back to take IBM expansion cards? The word is
that big things are happening in this area. (Do any of the people
involved in this area want to send me some clues for the column?)
8.5
Gripe of the month
8.5
None! The spirit of Christmas must be upon me as I write this!
(17.12.94)
8.5
Question of the month
8.5
From Herbert: I have been investigating the MsgTrans module after being
shocked to discover that the RISCOSLib msgs commands do not use it. I
have built a new library which does use it, but since that is not a Risc
PC issue, I will not expand here. The point is that if MsgTrans cannot
find a message token in the program’s Messages file it looks in
“Resources:$.Resources.Global.Messages”. I have compared the copy of
this file on my two machines and have discovered that the first 52 lines
of the Risc PC version are the same as the entire contents of the RISC
OS 3.1 version. The 3.5 version then continues for nearly 500 more lines
of tokens and control characters.
8.5
Questions:
8.5
1) What are these other tokens for?
8.5
2) What format are the messages in?
8.5
3) Are they any use to programmers?
8.5
4) If so, will there be a patch to put them on RISC OS 3.1 machines?
8.5
Have a look at the file $.Apps.!Help.Messages (you need to go through
the disc icon rather than the Apps icon) and look at the tokens starting
with a ‘T’. These describe characters which can be used to make help
messages shorter. For example, a help message containing the sequence
‘\S’ will have it replaced with ‘Click SELECT to ’. If you look through
some Messages files you will see numerous examples. The equivalent file
in 3.1 finishes with ‘Ta’ whereas the 3.5 file has an additional 175
abbreviations.
8.5
Questions
8.5
5) Why do the new tokens appear in the file twice?
8.5
6) Will there be a patch to put them on RISC OS 3.1 machines?
8.5
Tailpiece
8.5
Could contributors who send material in Style format and who are going
to use a table in the document, please only use one of the fonts
supplied with the machine as otherwise, if I have not got the font they
have used, it gives me all sorts of problems. This has recently stopped
me using one contribution. I note that Brian Cowan also commented about
similar problems in his December column.
8.5
As usual, I can be contacted by letter at the HES address on the back
page, by telephone after 7p.m. or by Packet Radio from anywhere in the
World, as GW4NEI@GB7OAR.#16.GBR.EU. A
8.5
Risc DOS Column
8.5
Simon Coulthurst
8.5
The latest news from Acorn (23rd November 1994) was that the ASIC’s had
arrived and were undergoing testing. But, it was likely to be late
December before an evaluation copy would be available. As I write (early
December), I have no further news and so another month must pass without
anything to report about the co-processor. (I’ve arranged for Simon to
go to Acorn to pick one up on 23.1.95! Ed.)
8.5
SCSI shenanigans
8.5
My SCSI card is an uncached SCSI type 1 card from Morley Electronics. It
came with the Syquest drive I ordered when purchasing my Risc PC.
8.5
I subsequently added an internal NEC Multispin 3xi CD-ROM drive and
attached my Hewlett Packard ScanJet IIcx to the external connector on
the back of the card. Carefully following the instructions provided with
the SCSI card (and a much easier to understand explanation provided by
NCS), I removed the terminators from the CD-ROM and the SCSI card
itself. These devices were both in the middle of the SCSI chain. I made
sure the Syquest and the Scanner were both properly terminated − being
the first and last devices on the SCSI chain respectively. I turned on
the computer and ran the SCSI utility program to configure the SCSI
interface. Following this my computer rebooted.
8.5
The Syquest worked, the CD-ROM worked but the scanner absolutely refused
to play along. I tried swapping cables − no good. I read all the manuals
several times. I even tried the scanner on a PC to make sure it worked −
it did. I then wrote to David Pilling (whose excellent ImageMaster and
Twain driver I was using), he replied swiftly with a couple of
suggestions based on my description of the problem. Unfortunately,
neither solved my problem. I finally contacted Morley Electronics (I
should have tried them first) and asked for their help. They didn’t
know, but had I tried removing the terminators from the scanner and
reinstalling those in the SCSI card? I did just that, and of course, it
worked first time! I have learned two lessons. Firstly, always check
with the people who make the product! Secondly, SCSI interfaces are a
bit of a black art as far as configuration goes.
8.5
My system now works fine even though its termination directly convenes
the basic SCSI rule of terminating the first and last devices in the
SCSI chain. Go figure!
8.5
MegaLook!
8.5
I received this utility on the second Public Domain CD-ROM from the
DataFile. Basically, what it does is modify the look of your RISC OS
desktop. By choosing various different designs, you can make your
desktop look like other computer systems. Windows, NeXT, Unix etc. My
main reason for using it, however, is that it provides an attractive set
of 3D style icons for the left hand side of the icon bar. The Risc PC
already has what I consider to be an attractive 3D-style to the windows,
including the scroll bars, buttons etc. Yet, for some reason, Acorn
chose to stick with the boring flat iconbar icons.
8.5
!MegaLook provides new versions of these as well as some new icons for
the standard Acorn programs, !Paint, !Draw and !Edit as well as their
datafiles. In fact, the new icons for !Edit and !Paint are particularly
nice as they look as though they are etched into the surface of the
desktop itself. These have all helped to brighten up my desktop. The
version of !MegaLook as provided on PDCD-2 would only install these
icons at the same time as replacing the window scroll bars, buttons etc.
This was not quite what I desired as I was quite happy with the standard
scroll bars and other window furniture. I wrote to Matthew Gray
explaining this. By return of post I received a new version (1.10) with
the ability to keep the existing scroll bars but replace all the icons.
Perfect!
8.5
I highly commend this program to any Risc PC (or Archimedes) owner
wishing to give his desktop that finishing touch. A
8.5
Morph
8.5
Andrew Rawnsley
8.5
Morpheus from Oregan Software Developments, and Rephorm from Oak
Solutions have been monopolising the Acorn morphing market for over a
year now. However, this new product from Mycroft Software aims to
challenge their dominance, but will it be able to hold its own against
such well established competition?
8.5
A little history
8.5
For those not familiar with the term ‘morphing’, it is a method of
blending one image into another, by gradually changing parts of the
first into the second. The method has been used to great effect in films
such as Terminator 2 (the classic example), but also in many modern TV
adverts. Morphing is one of those processes only feasible on a computer,
so the success of the technique in films and adverts has led to many
packages appearing on all computer platforms, most notably on the Amiga.
8.5
Practical uses of morphing packages
8.5
For those of us who are not involved in movie production or advertising,
morphing utilities tend to fall into two categories: those which can be
used successfully in multimedia and !Replay movie editing, and those
using non-standard file formats so that inclusion in the above areas is
impossible. Unfortunately, Morph fits into the latter category,
rendering the program little more than a toy.
8.5
I should point out that the quality of Morph’s output is not in
question, simply that, by using his own file format, the author has
precluded compatibility. Had there been a Replay file export option, the
program would have been of some value to the user, but as it stands,
once you have morphed a picture of your best friend into his mother, and
turned your pet cat into a rottweiler, there is little more that the
program has to offer.
8.5
Features
8.5
If you can cope with this limitation (you can output sprites of
individual animation frames), you will probably be pleased by the rest
of the program. It can cope with 16 and 32-bit sprites on the Risc PC
and 16 and 256 colour sprites from older machines. You can alter the
rate at which one sprite morphs into the other and use sprites of
different dimensions, provided they have the same colour depth. The mesh
used to map points on the original image to those on the destination
works well and the nodes in the mesh can be colour-coded − useful on
large images.
8.5
Unfortunately, I found the program rather difficult to use, not helped
by a poor manual without an index. In fact, the manual hadn’t even been
stapled together, but then there was no packaging either, so this is
presumably because it is a review copy.
8.5
I couldn’t work out how to access the mesh design window, and the
references to mesh editing in the manual, following directly from
loading images, told me to ‘see later’! My problem was that the main
window had no menu, so you had to click on the small picture of the
required image, confusingly placed in an indented ‘display only’ icon
which one would not normally click on. This, to me, is bad interface
design.
8.5
Producing the morph
8.5
Once you’ve set up your images and meshes, click on the Morph button and
away it goes. I was reviewing the package on a Risc PC and, given the
power of the machine, I would have hoped for a faster rate per frame. I
limited myself to small morphs of 5-10 frames simply because it seemed
so slow.
8.5
However, this doesn’t produce the morph, just a selection of frames
which must be joined together with a second application, before viewing
can take place in a third!
8.5
Conclusions
8.5
Although Morph only costs £15 inclusive (and only £10 to owners of
Mycroft’s HQ Tracker system), I suggest that you look carefully at the
competition before paying out your money. Had the application been
released as PD, it would have received much praise but, at £15, it has
to be treated as any other commercial program and, as such, it does not
fare too well. A
8.5
Wavelength
8.5
Andrew Rawnsley
8.5
Wavelength is the latest release from Tom Cooper − the man behind
Hamsters, Gyrinus 2, Ixion, Cycloids etc. Published by GamesWare,
Wavelength represents Tom’s first foray into arcade shoot’-em-ups. This
may be because this genre of game is often frowned upon by the
intellegencia of the computing world, but a well-produced one has as
much right to shelf space as any other entertainment product.
8.5
What’s it all about?
8.5
One thing that makes Wavelength different from many other games is that
no attempt is made to provide a plot. This should be regarded as a Good
Thing, since reading another ‘the aliens are invading’ storyline will
make most players ill! To be frank, the aim in Wavelength is to destroy
as many targets, aerial and ground-based as possible before dying or
moving on to the next level.
8.5
You pilot your circular fighter around a large map, controlling the
direction of flight by rotating your ship and firing your thrusters.
This gives greater control than in many comparable games, and certainly
a greater sense of exploration and discovery, keeping the game
interesting.
8.5
Graphics
8.5
Compared to Tom’s earlier creations, the graphics in Wavelength are much
improved. Previously, Tom’s forté has been cartoon-style graphics, but
Wavelength has a much better futuristic, technological appearance. There
is still the usual detail, from attractive craters on the planet surface
to the carefully drawn shadows of aerial targets. I received an
interesting comment from an Amiga owning friend − ‘the graphics look
good, for once’. Perhaps not the greatest advert for home-made games,
but certainly a selling point for Wavelength!
8.5
Enhancements
8.5
As with almost every shoot’-em-up, Wavelength features the almost
compulsory bonus, the Power Up. The interesting thing about Wavelength
is that upgrades come in four different guises.
8.5
First there is the weaponry bonus. This changes colour as it moves, with
each colour representing a different main weapon. Although you can only
have one of these, collecting the same coloured tokens allows you to
build up the weapon’s power, from 6% up to 100%.
8.5
The second power up gives you a drone on the side of your ship. Again
this changes as it floats around, but this time between a gun drone and
a missile drone. Increase the drone’s power to more than 70%, and a
second drone will appear.
8.5
Sometimes, destroying a target will reveal a shield bonus, which will
help you survive for a few more seconds. The final bonus is the cluster
bomb (often known as a smart bomb). This takes the form of a large
number of tiny bombs being jettisoned simultaneously from your ship,
moving outwards and destroying all in their path.
8.5
Conclusions
8.5
I think another quote from our friendly Amiga owner is due here − ‘I’m
not too sure about... Hold on! What does this do? Wow! I wish this was
out on the Amiga.’ OK, ’nuff said!
8.5
Wavelength costs £19.99 from GamesWare or £19 through Archive. A
8.5
Pocket Book Column
8.5
Audrey Laski
8.5
Dunce’s Corner
8.5
My Pocket Book has been back to Acorn for repair to the socket problem
which was interfering with use of mains power; it was a great relief to
get it back and cease to share the feelings of Ian Ford, of Stockport,
who wrote of being “rather irritated and forgetful” in the month or so
he was without his Psion Series 3A. However, I was somewhat alarmed,
when trying to set up the A-Link to transfer back various files I had
saved for memory clearance, to get a constant report of “Remote Device
disconnected or switched off”. After all, I had checked that the Remote
Device was switched on with the correct baud rate, and that the A-Link
was connected at both ends. What I hadn’t spotted was that it was coming
apart in the middle. Other users may, like me, have not been aware that
it is possible for the part of the lead which plugs into the PC to work
its way partially out of the serial interface linking it to the PB. As
soon as it was pushed well in, the red cleared from the Pocket Book icon
and I was back in business.
8.5
More about the A-Link
8.5
Graham Anstey, of Melksham, Wiltshire, who also uses an S3A, writes to
observe that the A-Link works perfectly satisfactorily with this and
with PCs as well as with the A310. To demonstrate the connectivity he
printed his letter via the following (unnecessarily convoluted) route:
8.5
Psion −> A-Link −> PC
8.5
PC −> diskette −> Risc PC
8.5
Risc PC −> ZModem −> Linux (PC hosted Unix
clone)
8.5
Linux −> TCP/IP −> Sun SPARC station
8.5
Sun SPARC station −> PostScript printer.
8.5
It’s good to know that all this is possible.
8.5
John Woodthorpe, of Rugby, has discovered a tiresome oddity about the
space occupied by directories when transferred directly from RISC OS
and/or MSDos to the Psion Series 3A. It appears that the transferred
directories use an unnecessary minimum number of bytes, on either of the
big systems, which do not get compressed when transferring direct to a
flash SSD. His solution is to transfer via a RAM disc and then use the
S3A’s own filing system to move the files to the SSD. Of course, it will
probably take several RAM discs full to fill the flash disc. He uses DOS
and MC-Link, since also the padding on DOS directories is smaller than
on RISC OS. Those less richly endowed should, I suppose, use the M
internal disc and PocketFS, though I haven’t tested the gain in space
this way. He comments: “It can be a bit tedious, and it needs a clear
head to avoid accidentally deleting something in the wrong place, but it
does save precious space on the flash SSD. I find it is necessary to use
a PC partition, otherwise the truncation of filenames can cause problems
when things are loaded back into the S3A.”
8.5
More hardware matters
8.5
Peter Young, of Cheltenham, writes sadly about the ruggedness of the
Pocket Book; his fell about three feet onto a hard floor and the main
pcb fractured apparently irreparably: I say ‘apparently’ because “it
proved impossible to discover from Psion whether a new circuit board
could be obtained”; tired of waiting, he has acquired a Pocket Book II −
first impressions later in this column. The fall was caused by the
tendency of the Pocket Book to rise up in a jacket pocket when the
wearer sat down; “let others who keep their machines in their pockets
beware!”
8.5
John Woodthorpe of Rugby quotes 3-Lib on problems about batteries. It
appears that these are sometimes caused by dirty connections (which can
be cleaned with a piece of toilet paper) or the use of undersized
batteries which don’t quite connect. There is also, however, a
possibility of frayed or broken wires in the battery compartment. His
own difficulties were solved by returning his S3A to Psion for
replacement of the battery lead. He now gets 50-60 hours from a pair of
Duracell batteries “depending on how often I use the A-link without
plugging in the mains adaptor!”
8.5
For those in the vanguard
8.5
Peter Young is experiencing modified rapture with the Pocket Book II. He
is pleased with the enlarged screen and improved fonts, with the
distinct keyclick and with the very useful ‘zoom out’ in Abacus, but
dissatisfied with the inadequate index of the manual and with the fact
that, although the OPL Program Editor is included, the user has to buy a
separate manual. (N.B. 3-Lib has a useful Cards file which gives the
guts of the manual on a shareware disc.) He is using the program editor
to edit his Spell dictionaries and is pleased to find that the global
user dictionary has “the much more sensible name of Global.d$c” instead
of the obscure old Sys$Dict .d$c. He finds that the new spell check
works faster overall, though the scanning is still slowish.
8.5
He is particularly thrilled with the new version of Schedule, but has
found it impossible to transfer his old Schedule files to it: “new
Schedule files are in an /AGN/ directory, with a .agn extension.
Renaming your old Schedule file with the correct extension, and then
using the ‘Open $’ option on PocketFS to transfer the file to the /AGN/
directory on the Pocket Book II works, but attempting to load the file
into Schedule gives an ‘incorrect filetype’ error... Does anyone know a
way round this?”
8.5
His summary: “there is no doubt that upgrading is worthwhile if you can
afford it.”
8.5
Endnote
8.5
I wish I could afford a PB II, but I’m very happy just to have my old
one back in good shape. A
8.5
Times Tables
8.5
Denise Bates
8.5
Times Tables from Hazelnut Software provides practice in the tables from
2 to 12. It is applicable to National Curriculum levels 2-4.
8.5
The review was carried out on version 1.0 of the program using a 4Mb
A5000 (RISC OS 3.1).
8.5
Installation
8.5
The program comes on six 1.6Mb discs. An instruction sheet is provided
explaining how to install the program and which mouse buttons to use
when operating the program. No further guidance is necessary as, once
installed, the program is self-explanatory. It specifies that all six
discs should be loaded to the hard drive and no problems were
encountered during the installation.
8.5
Running Times Tables
8.5
According to the instruction leaflet, it is only possible to use the
program with a computer which has a hard drive, at least 2Mb of memory
and which can read 1.6Mb discs. Running it from floppies is unacceptably
slow, but I tried using a RAM disc and found that it ran acceptably from
RAM disc and floppy. This point has been referred back to Hazelnut for
their comments.
8.5
Times Tables has been created using the capabilities of the Genesis
suite to the maximum. It combines beautifully coloured graphics with
animated sequences and music. Once the program has been installed on the
hard drive, double-clicking on the table of your choice installs it on
the iconbar, the screen and backdrop change colour and an animated
squirrel appears along with a box which instructs the user to click on
it.
8.5
On doing so, you enter a further screen (see above) which shows all the
answers for the selected table for multiplicands 1 to 12. In the centre
of the screen is a sum which is spoken. If the correct answer box is
clicked on, the answer is spoken, the screen changes and shows a full-
sized animated picture.
8.5
By clicking on the note box, an appropriate sound is made. When this has
been savoured, clicking on the forward box returns you to the number
screen for the next sum. This procedure continues until all twelve
questions have been answered correctly at which point a ‘completion of
table certificate’ is printed on the screen.
8.5
From a learning point of view, there were two things which I
particularly liked about the authors’ approach. Once a correct answer
has been selected, it still remains live on the screen. This means that
a pupil has to know the answers to complete the table; there is no
question of being able to deduce later answers by guesswork or process
of elimination. Secondly, if a child does not know the answer then
clicking on the help box takes him through to a help screen. This
explains what the sum means and illustrates it with bundles of sticks
which can be counted if necessary to find the answer.
8.5
When you’ve finished running the program, quitting it returns the
computer to its original settings.
8.5
Multimedia effects
8.5
This is what Times Tables is all about. Although the program is a drill
and practice exercise, no child using it is going to think of it in
those terms. My own children were spellbound and it was several hours
before I could get them off the computer to have a look myself. The
quality of the graphics is superb throughout and they have been well-
designed to provide a theme for each table. The two times table has
nursery rhymes. Others have animated stories, pictures of dinosaurs,
illustrations of musical instruments, etc, etc. Of the people who have
seen the program, everyone picked a different set of animations as their
favourite which is a fitting tribute to the overall quality.
8.5
Criticisms
8.5
I am clutching at straws trying to find any criticisms. I would have
liked the sound sequences to be slightly longer (but this, of course,
demands more memory). When I printed out the certificate, it also
printed the control buttons at the bottom of the screen. This might lead
to a bit of scissor work with a fussy pupil. On the other hand, you can
print the certificate in different sizes, either landscape or portrait.
8.5
The major problem with Times Tables is that, because of the volume of
data, it is extremely memory hungry. Unfortunately, the need for at
least 2Mb of memory means that it cannot be considered by schools which
only have 1Mb machines or whose computers cannot read 1.6Mb discs.
8.5
Special Needs
8.5
As soon as I saw this program, it struck me as a potentially multi-
functional resource for children with special needs both within
mainstream education and the more severely handicapped in special
schools. I urge any teachers of such pupils to take a look at this
program. The clear graphics and the spoken words make the program a
possibility for visually impaired pupils (especially if used in
conjunction with the public domain utility !BigPoint). The bright
colours, sounds and the sheer variety of illustrations could easily be
the source of several types of work for pupils with learning
difficulties, stimulating conversation, or for object or number
recognition rather than necessarily concentrating on the tables
themselves.
8.5
Conclusion
8.5
If you have children under eight and free space on your hard disc, Times
Tables would be a useful stocking filler this Christmas. My own children
(aged eight and five) use the program of their own free will and they
are certainly benefiting from the table learning process. Schools which
have suitable hardware will also find this program a hit.
8.5
Times Tables is available from Hazelnut Software and costs £30 + £2.50
p&p (no VAT). A
8.5
10/10 Driving Test − A Crash Course?
8.5
Mark Jolliffe
8.5
This further addition to the 10 out of 10 series arrived in a cheerfully
illustrated library case containing an A6 User Guide, a loading
instructions slip, and two 800Kb discs. The cover was enthusiastic − and
fairly accurate − in describing the many facets of the program, which
simplify to the practising of driving knowledge and roadcraft, within a
selection of games. A corner was flashed “For all Drivers and Learners”,
with an asterisk which led me on an unresolved hunt for some qualifying
statement.
8.5
The program would be expected to run on any 1Mb 32-bit Acorn, and can be
installed on a hard disc. The review was conducted on a 4Mb A4000 with
an AKF50 multiscan monitor, with the program on hard disc. Two minds
were bent by the experience of this review: the first, a world-weary
driver with no endorsements and with educational experience; the second,
an almost-old-enough teenage caraholic.
8.5
Disc 1 contains two applications in addition to the program itself:
!Help and !Install. The former gives comments additional to the User
Guide, and the latter combines the two discs into one application on a
hard disc or 1.6Mb floppy. Also hidden in the program directory is a
utility for using Driving Test with VGA monitors.
8.5
The User Guide is adequate, straightforward in presentation, but more
meaningful after playing with the program for a while.
8.5
There are six games, plus a test. Each game is played on six levels of
expertise and eleven categories of questions. The test can be entered
after five lessons (games) have been completed at level 4 or above on
the first seven categories, with 70% success. Get a fail, and you have
to start again. Each game has an Achievement Record and a High Score
table. With the former, each level is displayed with a variable colour
box containing the letters of the categories chosen. Initially grey, the
boxes turn red for a score of zero, yellow for 50%, and green for 100%.
The High Score table is based, in addition to correct answers, on speed
of response and elements of game play. The levels range from Motoring
General Knowledge to Specialised and Advanced; the categories from
Trivia to Continental Driving − the latter including all the EEC
countries plus many more − in all, a daunting collection.
8.5
The program is arranged around a single main menu, with sub-menus for
each game. The main menu is used to select games or the test, to obtain
Player Information, or to change, add or remove players. Player
Information is a summary of all the individual Achievement Records for
each game, similarly presented and colour-coded. This screen is
additionally used to select question categories. Up to 64 individual
players can be recorded, but the User Guide gives details as to how this
number can be expanded.
8.5
Each game is entered via a menu which selects defaults for that game,
which include the difficulty level and number of questions. These
defaults, as well as the last player and the last player’s scores, are
saved and reappear when the game is next played.
8.5
The overall execution of the suite was faultless although, just
occasionally, the mode 12 graphics were not quite up to the detail
needed for some road signs. All questions were multiple choice, varying
between two, and a half dozen, choices. Each was answered by a mouse
click on lettered buttons, or occasionally, on a graphic representation.
The choices were randomly ordered so that responses were not consciously
remembered from one session to the next. The program is not multi-
tasking but, as is often the case, the lack of this facility is of no
importance.
8.5
Comprehensive printing facilities are provided, both as text and
graphics, for the achievement records and test certificate.
8.5
The games themselves were utterly trivial, but might appeal to the
terminally bored or the extremely young − the only exception being a
slick game of Patience. Remember − this program is for drivers and
learners, and is perhaps an anomaly in the 10/10 series. The aim is to
provide a correct answer, and be rewarded with a move; for an adult or
sub-adult bent on learning roadcraft, this reward fell somewhat short of
a compelling incentive. That being said, one game could be switched off,
and others ignored. On then, to the serious part.
8.5
The choice of scores for the achievement record was bizarre (red 0%,
yellow 50%, green 100%). Anyone achieving 0% would have had difficulty
recognising a car, let alone driving one, whilst getting 100% needed
care at the lowest level, was difficult by level 3, extremely difficult
by level 5, and impossible by level 6. Bearing in mind the need to
achieve 70% to enter the test, an extra colour at this score would have
been helpful − and rewarding.
8.5
The questions themselves were wide-ranging, in both subject and
subtlety. They were not always unambiguous − indeed, the suspicion lurks
that the programmer was trying to be deliberately obtuse on more than
one occasion, testing the player’s English comprehension as much as his/
her knowledge of driving. Whilst the bulk of the questions were factual,
a sizeable minority were subjective, and to be slapped down on a matter
of opinion was not endearing. There also remained one or two questions
of fact where the ‘correct’ answer was very much to be challenged.
8.5
What about the test? The reviewer’s examiner refused to remain a
passenger in the same vehicle, and promptly issued a fail (with spelling
mistake) − on a question of opinion. In real life there would have been
an ugly scene.
8.5
The great, yawning, weakness of this program is its lack of supporting
material. It is not possible to argue with it, or discuss its rulings.
It dictates and indoctrinates, rather than teaching. It rankles, it
irritates, it leaves a sense of grievance. It gives no reference to any
authoritative backing and no indication that it has been passed by any
motoring guru. That being said, it contains a wealth of information to
be used in conjunction with reference material, professional tuition, or
another person to argue against.
8.5
Buy it to find out what an ignorant bigot of a driver you are, or are
about to be. For little more cost than a single driving lesson or a
parking fine, it must be worth buying for £25.95 inclusive from 4th
Dimension or £24 through Archive. A
8.5
Small Ads
8.5
(Small ads for Acorn 32-bit computers (i.e. not BBC’s) and related
products are free for subscribers but we reserve the right to publish
all, part or none of the material you send, as we think fit. i.e. some
people don’t know what ‘small’ means and there are certain things, as
you can imagine, that we would not be prepared to advertise as a matter
of principle. Sending small ads (especially long ones!) on disc is
helpful but not essential. Ed)
8.5
• 16Mb A540 (ARM3), RISC OS 3.1, 100Mb Conner SCSI drive, Colour card,
Eizo T560i Trinitron monitor, £750. Scanlight Prof. A4 flatbed scanner
£125. Irlam I-Scan 400 dpi scanner (roller feed) £50. Aleph One PC386
card £35. Miracom MS300 modem £25. All must go. Any reasonable offer
considered. Phone 01483-455564.
8.5
• A3000, RISC OS 3.1 4Mb RAM, 80Mb SCSI HD, RGB monitor, PRES monitor
stand and expansion case, VGC £550 o.n.o. Phone 01671-403441 (SW
Scotland)
8.5
• A310, 4Mb RAM, RISC OS 3.1, ARM 3, 40Mb HD, 4-slot backplane, Eizo
80606S monitor £400 o.n.o. Phone 01372-459530.
8.5
• A310, 4Mb RAM, RISC OS 3.1, 40Mb HD 4-slot backplane, Philips CM8533
Colour monitor, Star NL10 Printer, £400 o.n.o. Phone 01705-255116.
8.5
• A310 colour, colour, RISC OS 3.1, 2Mb, £300. PipeDream 3 £25, Holed
Out £5, Alphabase £10, fascia for second floppy + leads £15. Phone
01508-578189 (eves).
8.5
• A310, RISC OS 3.1, 4Mb RAM 40Mb HD, ARM 3, Acorn colour monitor £350.
Phone 01502-586865 after 6.
8.5
• A310, RISC OS 3.1, colour monitor, mono monitor, Brother M1709 132
column dot matrix printer £250 ono. Phone 01734-731538 after 6.
8.5
• A310/A305 computer bits: ARM2 chip £1, MEMC1A £1, IOC + VIDC1 £1, PSU
£3, speaker/LED £1, backplane £5, RGB lead £5, RGB monitor £75 (Acorn),
battery holder £1, all memory chips £3, RISC OS 2 chips £10 the set,
Acorn RISC OS 3 carrier board boxed with instructions £20, Everything:
£130. A3000 user port £15 − MCNewton@arcade.demon.co.uk or 01449-673443
after 6.
8.5
• A4 model II, 4Mb RAM 80Mb HD, carry case, spare battery, £1,300
o.n.o. Phone Adrian on 01603-748253.
8.5
• A410/1, 4Mb RAM, ARM 3, RISC OS 3.1, 40Mb internal HD, 40Mb External
HD & 5½“ 40/80 floppy, Leading Edge (Econet) MIDI Sound Sampler, ATM
Vision 24-bit colour video digitiser, CC ColourCard Gold, Watford hand
scanner, Taxan 775 msync monitor, CC HP & Canon Turbo Drivers, Joystick
etc. £650 only for quick sale. Phone 0114-274-5209.
8.5
• A410/1 RISC OS 3.1, 4Mb, ARM3, 40Mb drive, Atomwide VIDC enhancer,
5¼“ buffer, Taxan 770+. All at £620 or part exchange for A4 model II.
Phone 01892-822172.
8.5
• A440 − ARM3, 20Mb HD, RISC OS 3.1, Beebug VME & 5¼“ FD interface,
Taxan 770+LR monitor, Panasonic KX-P1124 Printer, £540 o.n.o. Will
separate. Phone 01772-685553 (eves).
8.5
• A5000, 33MHz, 80Mb HD, 4Mb, AKF50, PC Emulator (DR DOS 6) +
Easiwriter + Datapower. All for £950. HP Deskjet500 £50. Resultz £40.
Ovation £40. PipeDream3 £15. Euclid £15. Midnight Express £15. Font
Directory + 100s of fonts £30, Superior Golf £5, Break 127/Pool £5,
Pandora’s Box £12, Lemmings & Oh No More Lemmings £15, Black Angel £12,
Sim City £12, Haunted House £12. Phone 01462-682961 (eves).
8.5
• A5000 4Mb RAM, 40Mb, RISC OS 3.11, Oak SCSI, 100Mb drive, Toshiba
XM3301 external CD-ROM, Colourcard Gold, Taxan 795 Multisync £700. A310
4Mb RAM OS3.1 £100 Phone 0181-679-805 (eves).
8.5
• A5000 4Mb RAM, 40Mb HD, RISC OS 3.1, Eizo 9060S Multisync, Canon
BJ10EX with TurboDriver & Sheetfeeder, software inc PC Emulator +
WordPerfect 5.1, Wordz, ProArtisan, Genesis, Acorn DTP, games inc Simon
the Sorcerer, Black Angel, Birds of War, Lemmings 2, Joystick,
Headphones, all manuals and mags. £800 o.n.o. Phone 01705−552067.
8.5
• A5000 4Mb RAM, 80Mb IDE HD, Acorn Multisync, boxed, as new, Graphbox
+ ten games (worth £200), PC Emulator, 20Mb PD software, Advance,
Imagery, Acorn L/C etc. £800. Phone 01841-949-9202
8.5
• A5000 4Mb RAM 120Mb HD, no monitor, includes Midi/Sampler card.
Excellent Condition. Offers. Phone Dominic 0117-942-2663 anytime.
8.5
• A5000 4Mb RAM, 125Mb HD HawkV9 MkII video digitiser, Acorn monitor,
Learning Curve software, Publisher & Artworks, plus other software £700.
Phone Mark on 01244-535204 after 6.
8.5
• Acorn DTP £35 (with extra clipart discs). MS-DOS 5 £30. GammaPlot
(v2) £15. SystemDelta+ (v2) £25. Genesis 2 £20, Bonjour de France − Ma
Ville £20. Chemistry £10. Investigator 2 £10. Cyber Chess £12. Boogie
Buggie, Superior Golf, Zarch £6 each. Startrader, Word Up Word Down £3
each, or all six games for £30. ARM Assembly Language Programming £8.
Genesis Script Language £5. MS-DOS quick reference £5. RISC OS 2 PRM
£35. Phone 01737-832159 (eves).
8.5
• AKF18 £150, A3000 external HD (100Mb, Oak SCSI card) £200. A3000
external floppy £70. A3000 serial u/g £10, A310 external floppy
interface £12, MEMC1a £15, CC ROM/RAM podule £18. IFEL ROM carrier board
£10, Wordz £20, PipeDream 3 £25, Epson Turbodriver £25, Home Accounts
£15, Turbo Type £10, PC Emulator 1.7 £35, CC Borders £7, DTP at a Glance
£5, DTP Seeds £5, Impression Dabhand Guide £7, Good Impressions £10,
First Impressions £10, Games Bundle (Technodream, Chuck Rock, PIAS 1,
Air Supremacy, SWIV and Birds of War) £40. Phone 0151-506-0289.
8.5
• BBC bits − Just a reminder that we don’t take small ads for BBC
computers as we only accept ads for 32-bit computers and peripherals −
otherwise we might be inundated. If you want your BBC to go to a good
home, we know of one charity that is often happy to receive BBCs: Dave
Roberts, Family Missions, 4 Amyroyce Drive, Wrose, Shipley, BD18 1LE.
Does anyone else know of a good (registered charity) home to which we
could send BBCs? Have you got a BBC gathering dust? Let’s get them to
people who could benefit from them! Ed.
8.5
• Eizo 9060S 14“ monitor £295 o.n.o. (+ carriage), little used, can be
used on Archimedes or Risc PC. Phone 01263-577712
8.5
• Oak SCSI 45Mb ext HD + podule £80, Scanlight 256 £100, Acorn MIDI +
Studio 24 Plus £80, HP Turbo-Driver £25, unused A5000 mouse £10, modem
cable £2, keyboard extension cable £2, BBC to A5000 data transfer kit
£2, DeskEdit3 £8, Arcscan3 £5, Font Directory £15, Disk Rescue £15,
PipeDream4 £50, Impression v.2.19 £25, Publisher v.4.01 + “Good
Impressions” + 2 Capsoft Borders disks £75, ArtWorks v.1.51 £75, Hearsay
2 £30, EFF fonts £5, TWO £5, Ancestry £10, FontFX £2, Trace £2, Genesis
Plus £2, Lemmings £2, E-type £5, Saloon Cars De-luxe £10, PC Emulator
£25, “C Dabhand Guide” £3, Toshiba 5½“ floppy drive £5. Free: (collect
or pay postage) Risc User and Archive in binders. Phone Ernie Cobbold on
01493-740557.
8.5
• Qume Laser, recent new drum (2000 copies approx) inc 1 toner refill,
will shortly work on Risc PC with new card from Calligraph £500. Qume
Drum (unused) £100. Contact Paul Cayton on 01943-878133 (eves) or 0113-
277-7711 (day).
8.5
• Risc PC Keyboard unwanted after upgrade to German version £20. Fax on
+49 228 69 00 34 for more details.
8.5
• ScanLight A4 B&W scanner with sheet feeder £150 o.n.o. Phone 01283-
712015.
8.5
• Scanlight Professional mono A4 flatbed scanner, £300. Taxan 770
multiscan monitor £225. Telephone Ray on 0181-864-7208
8.5
• Simon the Sorcerer £15, Populous £10, Wonderland £10, Corruption,
Fish and Jinxter (non RISC OS 3) £5 each. Phone Oli on 01579-62472.
8.5
• Various hard disc drives − 80 to 400Mb 5½/3¼“ all HH, SCSI and in
good condition. 5½” SCSI 20Mb removable drive with five discs (not as
good as SyQuest but cheaper). Marconi trackerball. State Machine
Colourburst card. Beebug 5¼“ disc drive interface & buffer. 1Mb serial
printer buffer. A5000 LC with 4Mb memory. A5000 second floppy disc
drive. Two 40Mb IDE drives. Impression Style. Phone 01203-410047.
8.5
• Wanted: standard colour monitor, suitable for A310. School computer
room (state maintained) desperately needs your redundant monitor, cheap.
Tatty or faulty − condition not a problem! Have you recently upgraded to
multisync? Will collect within 100 miles of Reading. Phone Tom on 01734-
871330.
8.5
• Watford Electronics 100Mb external hard disc & podule − suitable for
A3000 or A5000 £125. Phone 01462-682961 (eves).
8.5
Charity Sales
8.5
The following items are available for sale in aid of charity. PLEASE do
not just send money − ring us on 01603-766592 to check if the items are
still available. Thank you.
8.5
N.B. These items are sold AS SEEN (even though you can’t see them!),
i.e. we are not able to give refunds if the items are not suitable for
your computer or whatever. All the money paid goes straight to charity
therefore NCS cannot be involved in correspondence etc over these items.
If it turns out to be no good for you but might do for someone else,
please send it back with a note and we will sell it again with the
proviso you state, e.g. “It doesn’t work on a Risc PC.”
8.5
Software: Easiwriter 2 £10, Archway £10, Pysanki £2, Rotor £2,
Datavision database £6, Boogie Buggie £2, Colour Fun £2, Multistore £25.
8.5
Hardware: PCATS Graphics enhancer £20, Floppy discs £12 per 50, Acorn
Econet interfaces (10 off) £15 each, External 40/80 5¼“ floppy drive
£25, Joystick Interface (Serial Port) £8, Z88 / psu / 128K rampack /
manuals £50.
8.5
(If you have unwanted software or hardware for Archimedes computers that
you could donate in aid of charity, please send it to the Archive
office. If you have larger items where post would be expensive, just
send us details of the item(s) and how the purchaser can get hold of
them.) A
8.5
Gerald’s Column
8.5
Gerald Fitton
8.5
So, to quote Paul (our editor) “Document Production Column” doesn’t do
justice to the range of topics I’m expected to cover and “Gerald’s
Column” is a bit unimaginative. This may all be true but I expect that
more than a few of you aren’t at all sure what I will be covering − and
some will probably complain because you will think that I’ll be covering
things which I’m not!
8.5
Paul has said that if you find the best name for this column then you
can win a prize. OK, but please write to the Archive editor with your
suggestions and not to me!
8.5
For my part I have two problems with the expanded specification for this
column. The first is that I don’t think I know enough detail about
enough subjects to satisfy those of you who are looking for a source of
infinite knowledge (however, see below under Interdictor 2). The second
is that, if I include in this Archive column everything from my monthly
correspondence of interest, I shall fill more pages than my self-imposed
limit.
8.5
I haven’t forgotten that (a) I still haven’t completed the series on
‘future proofing’, (b) I already have a draft of an article about the
difference between styles in Fireworkz and Style, (c) I have been asked
to write about speeding up printing by using Acorn’s own printer drivers
for background printing (without a Turbo Driver) − I have an outline for
that article too! This month, I’ve decided to leave all those topics for
now and clear more of the backlog of general topics selected from my
correspondence.
8.5
Anyway, what I’m going to do about the column is to wait and see what
sort of feedback I get from you and develop it accordingly. Just to
confuse those who have made up your minds exactly what this column will
contain, let me start with something which is most unusual for me and
which will definitely not become a habit − we’ll start with a game!
8.5
Interdictor 2
8.5
In the January 1995 issue of Archive, I included an example of questions
which I didn’t feel competent to answer. The question was “Will
Interdictor 2 run on the Risc PC?”
8.5
I received a letter from Gareth Owen who is the General Manager of
Clares Micro Supplies, the authors of Interdictor 2. It only goes to
show that you never know who’s reading this column.
8.5
Anyway, Gareth says that Interdictor 2 runs without any problems on the
Risc PC. However (he adds), if you do have a Risc PC you may find that
you will be happier with the most recent version since it uses the * key
instead of the # key to return to the map when the plane has landed.
Useful because, on the Risc PC, there is no # on the numeric keypad!
8.5
You can get the new version by returning your master disc together with
a stamped SAE. If you don’t send an SAE, you’ll be charged £5! I suggest
that if you live abroad, you find some kind person over here who’ll get
it for you and then send it on.
8.5
Gareth kindly sent me a copy and (without encroaching on the Games
Column) I must say that I like it. It reminds me of Flight Simulator
which, when I was somewhat younger (and had more spare time), I used to
enjoy for hours on end! If you don’t have a copy then you can get one
from Clares Micro Supplies at £24.95 inclusive of VAT (or £24 through
Archive).
8.5
It’s confession time. I had a covert objective in choosing the shock
tactic of writing about a game (which I have never done before) as my
first topic in this column. What I wish to show by example is that, even
if I don’t know the answer to a question and even if I feel quite
incompetent to answer it then, if this column is read widely enough (and
gains a good reputation for accuracy and fairness) then there will
always be expert help at hand.
8.5
My thanks go to Gareth for providing the ‘teaching resource’ which
allows me demonstrate the way in which this column might be able to
provide help that I’m incompetent to give.
8.5
Draw and Paint
8.5
Back to Document Production − well, for a moment at least. I’d like to
say a few words about the subject of standardisation. As my example I’m
going to use Draw and Paint files but, if your interest is in DTP, you
might like to think in terms of Rich Text Format (RTF) as a standard
which will allow you to transfer text files, complete with styles, from
one package to another.
8.5
If you’re going to produce documents then, at some stage or other,
you’re going to need a drawing package such as Acorn’s Draw, Jonathan
Marten’s DrawPlus, or Vector or Artworks. Drawing packages use what are
called vector graphics. The image is specified as lines joining co-
ordinates (rather like the lines used when you plot a graph). These
lines can enclose an area; if this is the case then the area can be
filled with colour. The lines can be open (i.e. not enclosing an area)
so that there is no area to fill with colour.
8.5
From the first Archimedes Acorn have devised a standard for vector
graphics files. This standard is the drawfile format. If you want to
send me (or another Archive author) a vector graphic file on disc then
please make sure that you use an option to save the file in Acorn
drawfile format. That way you’ll be sure I’ll be able to read it. OK, I
know that Computer Concepts’ DTP packages (e.g. Style) will accept files
in Artworks format and I do have Style so I can load your Artworks file
into Style and have a look at it. That’s not the point. I may want to
load your file into PipeDream or into Fireworkz (or even into Schema!)
and I can’t do that unless it’s been standardised by converting it to a
drawfile format.
8.5
I will cover drawing packages in more detail another time. Let’s move on
to Paint.
8.5
Painting packages include Acorn’s Paint and Pro Artisan from Clares
Micro Supplies. A long time ago I bought Artisan when it ran under the
single tasking operating system called Arthur (RISC OS 1). I didn’t
upgrade so I don’t have Pro Artisan (again, perhaps I need it in order
to effectively handle the correspondence this column is going to
generate − but I can’t afford it, yet). However, like you, I do have
(and use a lot) Acorn’s own Paint package.
8.5
Painted pictures use what are called “bit-mapped” graphics. On the Acorn
machines these graphics are called sprites. A typical bit-mapped graphic
consists of a myriad of dots called pixels. Every point on the picture
is a pixel and every pixel has a colour.
8.5
The sprite format has recently undergone development so that more
colours (about 16 million instead of only 256) can be specified. I
thought that I would be unable to read 32-bit sprite files on my A540,
but I was wrong − read on!
8.5
My recollection of the original Artisan is that the file format used was
the Acorn sprite format. Whatever the case, I’m sure that Gareth (or one
of you) will be writing to me to let me know as soon as this Archive
hits your letter box! I must stop digressing too far and get to the
point. If you use Pro Artisan to create your bit-mapped graphics files,
please make sure that when you send them to me or other Archive authors
that we can read them. The best way to be sure is to save them in
Acorn’s sprite format or, if you can’t do that, convert them to that
standard format using a utility such as ChangeFSI. By the way, I notice
that the version of ChangeFSI I have (0.95) accepts the file type DE2
(ProArtisan compressed pictures) and will output sprite format. It is my
guess that Clares’ Pro Artisan will accept sprite format files (and if
it doesn’t then it should) so that you can take a standard sprite and
load it into Pro Artisan.
8.5
In an earlier article, I raised the matter of exchanging sprites with
other Archimedes users who have different mode utilities from you. My
most recent experience is a disc I’ve received from David Spong (who
lives in Hong Kong and is about to move to Australia). He sent me a disc
containing a ‘deep sprite’ (which he’d created on his Risc PC). His
complaint was that he couldn’t load it into Fireworkz. At first, using
Paint, I couldn’t see it either and jumped to the conclusion that this
was because I didn’t have a Risc PC. However, I decided that I would
have a go at conversion with ChangeFSI. That did convert the sprite so
that my Paint could read it − mind you, I’ve probably lost some of the
subtle shades of colour but at least it appears. This test leads me to
say that the latest version of ChangeFSI (v0.95) will convert some 32-
bit sprites into the ‘old’ 8-bit sprites even though I can’t display the
new 32-bit modes. If you don’t have the latest version of ChangeFSI, it
is on Archive Utilities Disc Nº 8 (£2 from NCS).
8.5
Oh yes! The reason David couldn’t load his ‘deep sprite’ into Fireworkz
was because he hadn’t got the new TaskX module (see 8.4 p33 for details
of why). I’ve sent it on to him.
8.5
So here’s some advice from me about buying ‘future proofed’ software
packages. Make sure that the package you buy will both import and export
files in a format which is accepted as standard. For DTP I suggest that
the standard is RTF. If you do insist on the facility to load and save
files in standard format then, when you finally upgrade your software
(to one with more facilities − e.g. from Paint to, for example,
Pro Artisan) you will be able to take your personal data files with you
into the next (better) package. After all, you’ll find that those data
files are more valuable than the software package because of the time
and effort you’ve put into creating them.
8.5
Fireworkz Pro
8.5
The next question comes mainly from overseas correspondents but also
from some schools and from other long term correspondents of mine.
“What’s happened to Fireworkz Pro?” they ask. The latest information I
have about Fireworkz Pro is that it should be available for the BETT
Show in mid January 1995. Demo discs will be available a few weeks after
the release of the package. I know that a lot of you with PipeDream are
waiting for this version of Fireworkz before spending your cash because
you believe that will be cheaper than upgrading in two stages.
8.5
Fireworkz Pro for Windows is planned for release a few months after the
Archimedes version.
8.5
By the way, one of the attractions of Fireworkz is that you can load and
save files in RTF format.
8.5
Dongles, Turbo Drivers, etc
8.5
Under this heading I must be careful to say exactly what I mean
otherwise I might find myself (or Archive) with a law suit on my hands.
8.5
So as to balance the critical remarks which follow, let me start with
more positive comments by saying that I have received some letters about
dongles and Turbo Drivers which go along the lines of (a) “I have never
had a problem with a dongle. They penalise only the unscrupulous. They
are a cost-effective and efficient method of eliminating software
piracy” and (b) “I could never get my work done in time without the
printing speed of my Turbo Driver”.
8.5
However, such positive comments are rare. Here is a critical comment
which (in slightly varied form) occurs quite often. “I had problems such
as the printer hanging up and machine crashes which occurred only when I
had the dongle in the printer lead. I sent my dongle back to Computer
Concepts. They said that there was nothing wrong with it but that they
were replacing it anyway. Since then the frequency of such problems has
decreased dramatically”.
8.5
There is always a ‘worst case’ and I must quote it. One of my
correspondents had a three dongle system (Impression II, Artworks +
WorraCad) plus a special Turbo Driver lead. He says that the lead is
special (i.e. non standard) because there are a couple of the
connections swapped over deliberately. He was getting a very high
frequency of hang up and crash-type problems. This is serious for him
because he uses his Archimedes for his business. Apart from quoting the
cliche “Time is money”, he claimed that the sheer frustration of these
stoppages was reducing his ability to concentrate; it was destroying his
creativity and hence his productivity. When he wrote to me he was asking
me to approve of his decision to ditch the Archimedes in favour of a PC!
8.5
He came to me for advice and my reaction was that his problem could be
anywhere, for example he might have a faulty piece of RAM. I suggested
that what we had to do was to isolate the problem by not using various
things (hardware and software) until there was an improvement. Anyway,
amongst the other suggestions I made, one was that, simply as a trial to
try to isolate the problems, he should remove all his dongles and his
special Turbo lead and then see what happened.
8.5
Eventually, he upgraded from Impression II to Style getting rid of one
dongle. He downgraded from Artworks to DrawPlus getting rid of a second.
He got a version of WorraCad which didn’t need the last dongle. Finally,
he reverted to using Acorn’s (non Turbo) printer drivers thus getting
rid of the special Turbo lead.
8.5
His comment is that his overall productivity has improved, the frequency
of hangups and crashes has dropped to a negligible rate. He attributes
the improvement to the removal of the dongles and the (non standard)
Turbo lead. Of course, he may be mistaken and he just might have
inadvertently cured something such as a bad connection − but he doesn’t
think so.
8.5
Let me know how you’ve got on with dongles and Turbo Drivers. I’ll be
most interested. In the meantime my general advice is that, before
buying some specialist piece of hardware or software which has a non-
standard element, you must ask yourself whether the benefits of using
something which is non-standard outweighs the potential difficulties
which might (or might not) arise.
8.5
For my own part, I am pleased to have got rid of my Publisher dongle and
I don’t feel the need for a Turbo Driver since I print to a disc file
and then print from the disc file to the printer in background using
only Acorn’s standard facilities. I don’t have the space this month to
explain how I do this so you will have to wait for it to appear in a
later article.
8.5
The Sale of Goods Act
8.5
Oh dear! I wish I hadn’t mentioned that one of my correspondents wrote
to me saying: “Software containing bugs contravenes the Trade
Descriptions Act and must be upgraded free of charge at the earliest
opportunity”. I said that I wouldn’t go that far but it seems that many
of you wish that someone would take a software supplier to court (but
you wouldn’t want to be the one to do it!) and so encourage the speedier
distribution of bug free versions.
8.5
Of the many letters I received on this topic, the longest was from Brian
Edwards (two pages of detail). Brian makes the point that a bug fix is
not an upgrade and that I have too often referred to a new version of a
package as an upgrade when I shouldn’t. A bug fix does not add extra
features but makes the software work in the way it should. An upgrade
adds new features. Brian echoes many other correspondents in saying that
bug fixes should be carried out as quickly as possible and not await the
next (feature adding) upgrade. He, like so many of you, is willing to
pay for upgrades which are not bug fixes (provided that he has a use for
the extra facilities made available by the upgrade); at least he has the
option of paying for extra facilities or doing without them.
8.5
In Brian’s penultimate paragraph he writes “I feel the software
suppliers are doing their best to confuse the two (bug fixes and
upgrades) in order to make unjustified charges... ...(you must) ensure
that this confusion (in the minds of purchasers) does not occur”.
8.5
I accept that I do use the word ‘upgrade’ when I should use the phrase
‘new version’. From now on I shall try to reserve the word ‘upgrade’ for
a new version which adds features.
8.5
Rounding
8.5
Up to now I’ve received only one solution to Colin Singleton’s puzzle −
and that solution is in Basic whereas I hoped for one using a
spreadsheet! Eric Ayers’ solution is on the monthly disc.
8.5
On the same subject, Ian Copestake has written to me saying that he has
found the Fireworkz function round(slotref,integer) useful for rounding
numbers.
8.5
Seeing applications
8.5
I’ve had many letters on this subject. What you all agree is that it is
a good idea to let your System see all your applications before you
start but many have pointed out that you don’t need them to be in the
root directory of your hard disc in order to achieve this. Some of you
use the new features of the Risc PC to look at all the applications,
many of you load the applications to the pinboard. Danny Fagandini uses
a utility called !SuperBD (a Super BackDrop utility) because the icons
are smaller than those of the pinboard.
8.5
The preference seems to be to keep applications out of the root
directory but in a sub-directory or many sub-directories and to use some
method of running all the boot files during the boot up procedure.
8.5
Monitors, SyQuest, SCSI, etc
8.5
Perhaps I’ve been lucky. All the feedback I’ve had on these topics is
positive. By this I mean that those who have done anything other than
that which I advised (e.g. you bought a 14“ monitor rather than the 17”
I recommended) have written to say how they have changed their minds
(before reading my article) and now have a 17“ monitor, or a SyQuest
SCSI drive, etc. Nobody has written to me suggesting anything different
(well, not yet)! So I’m pleased with the way those two articles have
been received. I do promise to get on to the next one soon.
8.5
The efficiency of Acorn applications
8.5
Was it only last month I said something like “If you want to run PC
applications and PC hardware then buy a proper PC”. Anyway, one of the
comments I’ve had from several correspondents is that PC packages seem
to use up a lot more hard disc space than similar specification packages
designed to run on an Archimedes. I don’t think I know enough about this
to make anything I say worth while − but I’d like to hear from you.
8.5
Clan Acorn
8.5
This month I was going to say much more about Clan Acorn than I have
room for. I have referred in a past article to Acorn Enthusiasts.
Members of Clan Acorn and what I referred to as an Acorn Enthusiast are
one and the same. At present, one of the big advantages of joining Clan
Acorn is that you can buy a Risc PC without buying the Acorn monitor. As
I said in an earlier article, I think that Acorn should encourage a mix-
and-match policy for the Risc PC as a way of keeping the more scrupulous
hardware suppliers in business (in competition with the box-shifters who
compete only on price and not on service).
8.5
In this context, I have had letters from people who have had bad
experiences with box-shifters and have vowed never to use them again.
They agree with me that whilst NCS do charge more than box-shifters for
standard packages, if something goes wrong then they finish up spending
a lot more than they would have spent with NCS. Please take this advice
from me and those who have written to me. Unless you know that you have
the expertise to fix anything which goes wrong yourself, don’t buy from
the cheapest supplier but buy from one whose profit margin is sufficient
for them to be able to afford to provide good service.
8.5
Back to being an Enthusiast, let me persuade you to join Clan Acorn and
then write to them suggesting that they should allow reputable suppliers
(such as NCS) to advise on and then supply non standard mix-and-match
packages. Clan Acorn Life Membership costs £15; membership forms are
available from Acorn Direct.
8.5
Correspondence
8.5
Once again, it must be time that I reminded you that my address is that
of Abacus Training; you’ll find it on the inside back cover of Archive.
It is much quicker to write to me direct than to write via the Archive
office.
8.5
I notice that many Archive authors are asking for a copy of
correspondence to be on disc. My personal preference is that you send me
a disc containing the bulk of your correspondence (together with example
files if appropriate) but that you enclose a short written note
outlining the nature of what is on the disc. This allows me to determine
quickly what priority to give to your correspondence. After all, if it’s
a contribution then you probably don’t need a reply as urgently as
someone requesting help. Please write your name and address on paper
somewhere just in case there is something wrong with the disc.
8.5
Return postage and a self addressed sticky label does help more than you
might imagine. It is the time saved which is more important than the
stamp money.
8.5
I cannot read 1.6Mb format discs so please send me files on discs
formatted to 800Kb.
8.5
Finally
8.5
Thanks for all your most interesting letters and for the many kind words
you have written about my articles. Not only do I find them interesting
but also very useful. Please keep them coming. A
8.5
Games Column
8.5
Dave Floyd
8.5
I went to the Acorn World show to see what games were being released but
before telling you about them, I have a gripe...
8.5
I feel that there should be a couple of hours set aside over the weekend
where children would be absent from the hall. Don’t get me wrong, I have
no objection to the presence of children at the show and indeed consider
it essential that children are interested in any computer platform for
it to have a future. I cannot, however, be the only overgrown child who
finds it nearly impossible to get close to any computer which has a game
loaded onto it.
8.5
I would suggest a sensible possibility would be that, on the first day,
the show could perhaps open at ten o’clock with children admitted after
midday. This would provide a minimum of inconvenience to parents while
allowing others a brief look in. I suspect that many others may agree
with me, although I do not reject the possibility that I may just be
auditioning for the part of Scrooge. Comments, abusive or otherwise, are
as ever welcome to the usual address at the end of the column.
8.5
The TBA Software stand provided the exception for me this year and I
managed a full fifteen minutes trying out their new release, FTT.
(£24.99 inc VAT or £24 through Archive) A futuristic racing game, FTT
has a polish to it that hopefully we can expect with every game from
TBA. They certainly have not disappointed to date. Whereas with normal
racing games the only directions that the track can deviate are to the
left and right, FTT literally adds a new dimension by placing the track
in space and thereby allowing for corners that can also go up or down.
Misjudging the bend means that your car (ship?) flies off into space and
you lose time while it is re-positioned on the track. The scrolling and
animation were faultless and I can wholeheartedly recommend this game to
anybody. A most impressive follow up to their older (yet still worthy)
Axis.
8.5
Also promised for release by TBA before Christmas were Cyber Ape, Warp
Riders, ARL and Merp. At last year’s show, an early version of ARL was
being displayed on their stand and it looked very good. If these four
games and Cobalt Seed, which is planned for early 1995 release, prove to
be of the quality displayed by TBA’s previous two releases, it would not
surprise me at all if the company were to become the leading software
house producing original Acorn games by this time next year.
8.5
One of the busiest games stands was certainly 4th Dimension’s. On
display they had their new release, E-Type 2 (£33 through Archive), and
it looked very good indeed. I did not get the chance to play it, but if
the crowd of eager youngsters around the machine was anything to go by
then I would say that the feel of the game was also not a
disappointment. The game is Risc PC compatible and allows split screen
two-player racing and additions to your car include the facility of
firing missiles at opponents. (Rumours that Damon Hill has contacted 4D
for the technical spec are apparently unfounded.)
8.5
Finally, released at the show was Simon the Sorcerer (£38 through
Archive). Launched last year as ‘the fastest conversion to be released
on the Archimedes’ the reality has proved to be somewhat different.
Gamesware also have a conversion of Dune 2 in the pipeline, although I
did not have the heart to ask which year this could realistically be
expected. (Well, here’s a surprise... it’s in stock now at NCS, price
£33. Ed.) All joking aside, I must say that although a year ago I was
very dubious about the premium price being asked for Simon the Sorcerer,
the delay in its release has made me rethink this to a certain degree
and will say now that if the hype surrounding it is justified, it will
possibly be worth the extra few pounds for the diligence that has been
shown in the coding of the game. The temptation to rush out a flawed
version to recoup development costs must have been great and it speaks
volumes for the integrity of Gamesware that they resisted the undeniable
attraction of such a ploy.
8.5
Finally, the other games release that caught my eye was Wolfenstein 3D
(£29 through Archive). This predecessor to Doom has been available on
the PC for quite a while and the conversion is indistinguishable from
the original as far as I can tell. Your mission is to make your way
through a Nazi complex, shooting enemy soldiers, discovering secret
passages and picking up replacement bullets and treasure along the way
as well as upgrading your firearms from the dead bodies you leave in
your wake. Pure arcade action, I have played this many times on a PC
over the last couple of years and can certainly testify to the longevity
and playability of this game. Powerslave certainly deserve to have a
winner on their hands with this release.
8.5
There was much more to see at the show and I have only managed to cover
a brief selection of what was on view. I certainly enjoyed it and
eagerly await next year. For those of you who live near London and have
never attended, I can only say that the effort is certainly worthwhile
and when next year comes around I hope to see you there.
8.5
Any comments relating to this column, or any other games-related subject
should please be sent to Dave Floyd, c/o PO Box 2795, London NW10
9AY. A
8.5
Image Processing Terms
8.5
Ian Palmer
8.5
Below is a glossary of some of the terms used in image processing. I
have tried to give a mixture of both basic, and more detailed,
information. I have also included descriptions of three common file
formats.
8.5
Colour models
8.5
A colour model is a way of specifying a colour by giving a number of
values (typically 3), and there are many different models available. One
of the most common is the RGB model, where a colour is specified by
giving its red, green and blue components. This is the model that RISC
OS uses for specifying colours.
8.5
Two other common colour models are the CMY and CMYK models, often used
in printing. These models require colours to be specified by giving
cyan, magenta and yellow components (and in the case of CMYK also a key
(or black) component). The reason that the CMY(K) models are used in
printing is that, in colour printing, these are often the colours of the
inks used in the printing process. The relationship between the RGB and
CMY models are:
8.5
cyan = 1 − red
8.5
magenta = 1 − green
8.5
yellow = 1 − blue
8.5
(assuming all components are specified as a value between 0 and 1).
8.5
Another model is the HSV (HSL) Hue, Saturation and Value (Luminosity)
model. Here hue defines the relative red, green and blue component (as
an angle round a triangle with each of red, green and blue at the
vertices), saturation defines how much colour there is (from grey) and
value (luminosity) defines the brightness of the colour.
8.5
Dithering / error diffusion
8.5
Dithering and error diffusion are methods of achieving better results on
a display device which can not represent the full range of colours
needed. Ordered dithering is the use of regular patterns of two, or
more, colours to approximate a third colour that lies inbetween those
used. This technique is used in printing to display (for example) a grey
scale picture using just black ink, and is used in programs such as
ArtWorks when displaying in 16 and 256 colour modes.
8.5
An alternative to ordered dithering is error diffusion. In a simple
example of this scheme, the pixel to be displayed is read and the
closest colour that can be displayed is calculated and used in the
display. Then the difference between the two colours (the error) is
calculated and added to the next pixel to be displayed. Floyd-Steinberg
error diffusion is a more complex form of error diffusion where the
error, instead of being added (in whole) to the next pixel to be
displayed, is spread over four surrounding pixels. The way the error is
spread is as follows:
8.5
x 7
8.5
3 5 1
8.5
(where x represents the pixel being processed). The numbers represent
the proportions with which the error is added to the surrounding pixels
− the values above add up to 16, therefore the pixel to the right of the
pixel being processed gets 7/16ths of the error. The pixels to the left
and above receive none of the error − this allows you to process the
pixels in a picture a line at a time (top to bottom) and from left to
right. In fact, usually, every alternate line is processed right to left
as this will reduce the chances of patterns appearing in the result.
8.5
There are other, less common, error diffusion algorithms which are
similar to Floyd-Steinberg, but often produce better results (but take
more processing), these include:
8.5
Stucki:
8.5
x 8 4
8.5
2 4 8 4 2
8.5
1 2 4 2 1
8.5
Sierra:
8.5
x 5 3
8.5
2 4 5 4 2
8.5
2 3 2
8.5
Jarvis, Judice & Ninke:
8.5
x 7 5
8.5
3 5 7 5 3
8.5
1 3 5 3 1
8.5
Stevenson & Arce:
8.5
x 32
8.5
12 26 30 16
8.5
12 26 12
8.5
5 12 12 5
8.5
Filters / kernel operations
8.5
Filters (or kernel operations) is a term used to describe a range of
operations where a pixel in the output picture is calculated using the
corresponding input pixel and its neighbours. The number of neighbours
used varies, although common numbers include four (North, South, East
and West), eight (as with four, plus North-East, etc.) and 24 (all
pixels in a 5x5 square around the pixel). The best way to explain
filters is by example. Consider a filter defined by the following kernel
(matrix defining a filter):
8.5
1 1 1
8.5
1 1 1 multiplier = 1/9
8.5
1 1 1
8.5
An output pixel will be created by first multiplying the pixel values
(either intensity for monochrome processing, or RGB components for
colour processing) by the corresponding kernel entry. Then all the
values obtained are added together, and then multiplied by the
multiplier value of the filter operation (in this case 1/9). The
resultant value is then used as the output − in colour processing the
red, green and blue components are processed separately. The kernel
shown above results in the output pixel being the average of the input
pixels within the neighbourhood; this is a very strong smoothing
operation blurring the picture.
8.5
Milder smoothing operations can be achieved by weighting the central
value in the kernel (i.e. a larger number, for example, 8). However, the
multiplier must also be altered accordingly. As a basic rule of thumb,
to ensure that the overall brightness (intensity) of the output picture
is the same as the input picture, the multiplier should be 1/n where n
is the sum of the values in the kernel.
8.5
Smoothing is only one of many operations that can be performed by
filters. Another common filter is the sharpening filter which attempts
to do the opposite of the smoothing filter. It can be thought of as
subtracting a blurred (smoothed) version of the picture from itself. An
example sharpening filter is:
8.5
-1 -1 -1
8.5
-1 9 -1 multiplier = 1
8.5
-1 -1 -1
8.5
This kernel shows the input pixel being multiplied by 9 and then having
the values of its neighbours subtracted from it.
8.5
Another common filter is one used for detecting edges. For example
consider the following kernel:
8.5
1 0 -1
8.5
2 0 -2 multiplier = 1
8.5
1 0 -1
8.5
Consider a pixel surrounded by pixels of a similar intensity (a flat
area, no edges) the result of applying the kernel will tend to be pixels
with low intensity values. Now consider a pixel with bright pixels to
its left and dark pixels to its right (i.e. the pixel is at an edge) the
result will be a bright pixel. Thus the above filter highlights vertical
edges which represent a change from light to dark going left to right.
8.5
One final common task performed by filters is noise removal. This can be
performed using a smoothing filter, although this also blurs the
picture. To overcome this problem, a threshold value is introduced into
the process. This time an average value is obtained for just the
neighbours (i.e. the pixel being processed is excluded from the
calculation). Then the difference between the average of the neighbours
and the pixel being processed is calculated. If the difference
calculated is greater than the specified threshold value, the pixel is
replaced by the average value calculated, otherwise it is left
untouched. The result of this is that pixels that are very different
from those around it are removed and replaced by the average of those
pixels around them,
8.5
Gamma correction
8.5
One problem with monitors is that the relationship between (a) the
brightness of a pixel on the monitor as specified by the applied
voltage, and (b) how bright that pixel appears to the viewer is not
linear. In fact, there is usually a logarithmic relationship defined by
the following equation:
8.5
where I is the intensity of the observed pixel, V is the voltage applied
to the monitor, and K and g are constants.
8.5
Gamma correction is a software method of correcting this problem. It is
also a useful tool for brightening/darkening a picture that suffers from
problems beyond those caused by the monitor. During gamma correction,
the inverse equation is used to calculate the V that should be supplied
to the monitor to achieve the correct intensity I:
8.5
Usually K is ignored during the process as this can be corrected
independently prior to gamma correction, thus only g needs to be
specified by the user.
8.5
That is the theory, but what about practice? Basically, for gamma
correction, the user needs to specify a value for g. A value of 1 will
make no change to the picture. A value between 0 and 1 will tend to
darken the picture, a value above 1 will tend to brighten the picture.
How the picture will be brightened/darkened can be seen in the following
two graphs which show the gamma functions for g=0.5 and g =1.8 (input
value is on the x-axis, output is on the y-axis):
8.5
GIF
8.5
Compuserve GIF (Graphics Interchange Format) (pronounced ‘jif’) is a
graphics file format which can store images with up to 256 colours using
LZW compression. Although 256 colours is perfectly adequate for a grey
scale image (24-bit colour offers 256 shades of grey) it is not adequate
for full colour pictures, especially photo realistic pictures. GIF files
will often contain pictures which have been subjected to dithering/error
correction techniques and, consequently, the added step of further
dithering for display in a fixed palette 256 colour mode under RISC OS
leads to less than perfect results. The problems are worse when you try
to use a picture from a GIF file in image processing, especially when
subjecting to filters (kernel operations) that sharpen a picture. This
is because sharpening will highlight the artificial edges created during
dithering and error correction. There are ways to get around this
problem, one of which is to pass the image through a softening filter
which will smooth out the artificial edges − but the picture will be
more blurred. An alternative is to reduce the picture size using a
rescaling operation that performs anti-aliasing (see also JPEG, TIFF).
8.5
JPEG
8.5
JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group) is an image compression standard
which was designed to compress full-colour and grey-scale images of
real-world objects and scenes (as opposed to computer generated images
and paintings). JPEG, unlike GIF and TIFF, is a lossy compression
scheme; that is, if you compress an image using JPEG, then decompress it
again, the output will not, necessarily, match the original image
exactly, (although the differences should not be noticeable. When
creating a JPEG image, it may be necessary, depending on the software,
to specify a quality value. The higher the value, the more closely will
the decompressed picture match the original picture − but the JPEG file
will also be bigger. With the software written by The Independent JPEG
Group, the quality value is in the form of a percentage, 0% being the
lowest quality and the smallest file size, 100% being the highest
quality and the biggest file size. It should be noted that a quality of
100% does not mean that the decompressed picture will be identical to
the original. Usually you should use values between 50% and 95%.
8.5
There is one big problem with JPEG as a standard. In fact, it suffers
from exactly the opposite problem to the TIFF standard (see below) − the
group who developed the standard were prevented from defining a file
format. Conversely, TIFF has a defined file format, but no fixed
definition for compression. Thus it is up to the software developer to
define a standard − and many have − all different from each other. Two
file formats have been generally accepted as standard, however, and
these are a JPEG extension for the TIFF standard, although this is not
very common, and the JFIF (JPEG File Interchange Format) standard which
is by far the most common and is the format understood by ChangeFSI,
etc.
8.5
TIFF
8.5
TIFF (Tagged Image File Format) is a graphics file format which can
store full colour pictures. The TIFF standard basically just defines the
format of a file, which is a sequence of tagged items. The way a picture
is stored within the file is not defined by the standard − in fact,
anyone can create their own storage system within a TIFF file. This
undefined structure of TIFF can lead to problems. It is possible that a
TIFF file will not be able to be read by a piece of software because the
software doesn’t support the particular type of TIFF file.
8.5
Common compression methods used in TIFF files include: none i.e. no
compression (any software that reads TIFF files should cope with this),
packbits where sequences of the same pixel colour are grouped together,
LZW, as used in Squash, SparkFS, ArcFS, CFS, etc, and special
compression techniques for compressing bi-level fax images. It should be
noted that using a compression scheme will not necessarily reduce the
size of the TIFF file.
8.5
Warping
8.5
Warping means mapping an area of a picture onto another area (either in
the same picture or to a different picture) using some geometric
transformation. For example, below is a picture of a warping between two
quadrilateral areas, the source area is shown above, the destination is
shown below:
8.5
I hope you have found these definitions helpful. If you have any
questions, suggestions, etc, drop me a line via the Archive office. A
8.5
CC’s ColourCard Gold
8.5
Ian Gooding
8.5
I have used ColourCard Gold, version 2.1, for almost a year. My system
is an A540 with a Taxan 770+ multiscan monitor, and is mostly used for
DTP and graphics design. I bought the Colourcard mainly to reduce the
effect of screen flicker on my mental health. The other advantages such
as programmable desktop colours and stunning PhotoCD or JPEG/MPEG images
are great too.
8.5
Installing
8.5
The card came well packaged with good installation instructions. The
standard package assumes that you have an A5000 or similar machine with
a VGA-type 15-pin monitor lead. Owners of older machines − A400 or A500
series − have a 9-pin connector, and will have to send in a voucher
included with the package and wait for an alternative lead to be
provided. Mine came by return of post, free of charge.After that hurdle
is overcome, the package is easily to install. It uses a half width
podule slot, to which are connected an input lead from the standard
monitor socket, and an output lead to the monitor. In my case, this
again needed a conversion connector, which is supplied, from the 15-pin
socket to the older 9-pin connector. My version worked first time when I
connected it all up. Please note that a standard PC-compatible monitor
lead will not work!
8.5
In use
8.5
Computer Concepts have chosen to pass through the output from standard
modes unchanged, so these work exactly as they always did, complete with
screen flicker. A wealth of new modes is provided, several of which
duplicate the function of standard modes like 21, but without the
flicker. There are also four new modes in thousands of colours, which
are fully functional with the desktop. A range of new modes exploits the
higher screen resolution available, though many of these will not
display on my monitor because its bandwidth is not high enough. The
screen mode manager FlipTop is supplied, and is a useful way of
navigating around the various screen modes supported.
8.5
My monitor specifies that it has a video bandwidth of 30MHz. The table
below shows which modes work on my monitor. Unless noted, each 256
colour mode has equivalent 16 colour modes, though there is no
particular reason to use them any more!
8.5
Thousands of colours on my desktop
8.5
It’s true, and for most applications it works well. I have Fireworkz,
Impression II, Publisher, Artworks, Datapower, ProArtisan 2, Rhapsody
III, etc, all working. Old versions did not all work well in these new
desktop modes, and there are still problems with CC’s own Scanlight Plus
(v2.01), and with Sibelius 6, which doesn’t work in these modes. You’ll
also find that the standard desktop Paint does not work, and Computer
Concepts have written a special module to trap attempts to load it while
in a 32K colour mode. Older applications, such as PC Emulator, Trace and
ChangeFSI don’t work, and some newer ones like Acorn’s PhotoCD partly
work. (It displays the thumbnails of PhotoCD pictures correctly, but an
extracted picture is only correct when viewed in a 256 colour mode −
loading into Publisher shows it in glorious 32768 colours!)
8.5
I’m used to the steady screen now − going back to my old A440 without a
Colourcard is quite a shock!
8.5
Speed
8.5
There is not so much difference in processor speed with my A540, as the
ARM3 processor cache reduces the overhead. It is about 5% faster to use
an equivalent Colourcard 256 colour mode than a standard one, and 2-3%
slower using a 32 thousand colour one. However, when I tried the card
with my trusty old A410, the difference was much more visible. I found I
could use 256 colour modes instead of 16 colour ones, and it still ran
faster than the standard machine.
8.5
Conclusion
8.5
You can have colour images with resolution up to the capabilities of
your monitor, without buying a Risc PC. Some software hasn’t caught up
yet, but it often doesn’t work on the Risc PC either! All the 24-bit
colour software I have tried works, except PhotoCD as above! Some games
from magazine discs etc don’t work, but otherwise I haven’t had any
trouble.
8.5
A greater range of modes would help me even further, though part of this
is my old monitor. I am still jealous of the mode designer available to
VIDC 20 users! For me, the Colourcard Gold at £290 through Archive is
good value in eliminating eye strain, but possibly not worth it now if
you are thinking of a Risc PC in the near future. A
8.5
APDL’s Clipart CD
8.5
Ted Lacey
8.5
This CD, recently released by David Holden’s APDL Public Domain library,
is a must for anybody who uses clipart in DTP work. Apart from a few
minor hiccups, it has been well put together and, with very few
exceptions, the quality of the items is very good. David and his team
are to be congratulated on their selections − they have weeded out a lot
of the rubbish which has been ported over from the PC public domain.
8.5
Although the majority of the items are public domain, there is a
shareware sub-directory which needs to be used with care because of
copyright considerations. It also needs to be looked at in great detail
in order to find out what the items are − for example, one sub-directory
called GRIN contains 150 files which are numbered!
8.5
The CD contains two main directories, Colour and DTP, and an application
called EarthMap. The inclusion of the last item is a very good idea as I
believe it occupies some 14Mb of space when used on a hard disc. The two
main directories contain some 160 and 310Mb of clipart respectively
organised into various sub-directories and sub-sub-directories by
subject.
8.5
The DTP directory, although mainly black and white, does contain some
colour items. With so many items on the disc, finding a particular item
is going to be a bit of a problem. An alphabetical index would have been
useful, but creating one would involve an enormous amount of work. I
demonstrated this CD at a recent meeting of the Southampton Arc Users
Group. This problem was discussed and I was given a copy of a PD program
called !TreeMenu. It works very well with the CD and provides easy
access to the files contained in the various sub-directories. I think
there are other similar programs available but, never-the-less, I am
sending copies to both Paul and David for possible inclusion on their
respective monthly and special discs. (I’ve put it on monthly disc. Ed.)
8.5
On the minus side, I did find some files which did not work. Having time
on my hands, I ploughed through the entire contents and found twenty
sprites and drawfiles that failed and gave error codes − but that’s a
very tiny percentage of the whole! Some items appear to be in the wrong
sub-directories and I did find a Draw sub-directory which was empty.
Details of these minor gripes are being forwarded to both Paul and
David, again with the idea that these details could be included on their
respective discs so that other users of this CD will not waste time over
these dodgy items.
8.5
APDL make various offers in their sale of this CD. For the personal
user, the return of five or more original discs from APDL’s ‘DP’ or ‘AW’
range will give you a discount of 50p per disc. Most state-run
educational establishments can register for using the CD on a network
for an administration fee of £1.
8.5
All testing of this CD was done on a 9Mb Risc PC. The “funnies” were re-
tested on 5Mb a Risc PC at my computer club and also on my A3000 − with
the same results.
8.5
For anyone with a large clipart library and who, like me, was
contemplating the purchase of an additional hard disc specifically for
clipart, this CD is the answer − assuming you also have a CD-ROM drive!
If you haven’t got a CD-ROM drive on your Acorn but have access to a PC
fitted with a CD-ROM drive, APDL give details of how to get the material
across onto your Acorn. For the newcomer to the Acorn scene, the cost of
a CD-ROM drive plus the Clipart CD is less than buying some 400 HD
floppy discs containing clipart. This CD is thoroughly recommended to
anyone who uses lots of clipart and will be particularly useful in the
education world.
8.5
The APDL Clip Art CD costs £28 from APDL or £28 through Archive. A
8.5
Risc PC Screen Modes Made Easy
8.5
Jochen Konietzko
8.5
Thanks to Andrew Garrard’s excellent article in Archive 8.1, p.41ff, we
now know about the way the Risc PC administers screen modes. There are
now at least two mode editors on the market which make building new
screen modes very simple.
8.5
Due to Andrew’s in-depth article, I can concentrate on the handling of
the two programs.
8.5
!MakeModes (version 0.19, Acorn Ltd.)
8.5
This program was provided on the Archive program disc 8.1. It contains a
directory with 35 pre-defined mode files for various monitors and a very
extensive Docs directory.
8.5
If your own definition starts from scratch, you click on the iconbar
icon, and copy the details from your monitor’s manual into the window
which appears on the screen.
8.5
This is also the place to check if any monitor in the list has similar
technical data to yours.
8.5
A click on Generate opens the main window where all those settings
described by Andrew can be made. The program then calculates the
consequences of the values you have chosen and gives a detailed
analysis. In the picture below (in the top right corner of the window) I
have entered a wildly improbable screen mode, and you can see MakeModes’
diagnosis (some of it issued in bright red) (which doesn’t show in mono!
Ed.).
8.5
Very useful is the Test Mode button; if the new mode creates some funny
effects, hitting any key will take you back to the previous mode
setting.
8.5
A minor problem occurs if you wish to edit a monitor description file
which was created outside MakeModes. The program will only accept files
for monitors which are on its MonList file; so, before you start, you
have to enter the monitor into this list.
8.5
!CustomRPC (version 1.04, Thomas Olsson)
8.5
This PD program is somewhat simpler in design than MakeModes. There are
no modes ready for choosing, and the documentation is rudimentary.
8.5
You drag a monitor definition file onto CustomRPC’s iconbar icon, and a
window with all screen modes available in this file opens.
8.5
Clicking <select> on one of the items will display this mode, <menu>
will bring up the options to create a new mode, copy one, edit or save
one, and <adjust> opens the Edit Mode window.
8.5
Unlike MakeModes, this window demands some of the settings in
microseconds. The Try buttons don’t display the Desktop but a series of
concentric circles which show all the colours available in this mode.
8.5
Conclusion
8.5
Altogether, CustomRPC is not quite as powerful as MakeModes. However,
for a quick bit of fine tuning of one of your modes, it is just the
thing.
8.5
MakeModes is truly an excellent little utility which should be on every
Risc PC’s hard disc. A
8.5
Report Writer
8.5
Paul Cross
8.5
This program is written for teachers and is intended to ease the pain of
writing reports. I have been writing reports for more than a quarter of
a century and it does not get any easier with experience! When I started
writing reports, the personal computer was not available and they were
hand written, so if you made an error or wished to change something you
had to rewrite the whole report. With the introduction of computers, and
all the advantages of word processing, report writing became easier but
there was still the problem of finding suitable words and phrases to say
politely that ‘little Johnnie’ needs a rocket up his trousers to get him
moving!
8.5
Many schools have adopted computerised record and assessment-keeping
modules for use with the office computer systems, and using the
information stored within the system, reports can be generated at the
end of the year. But these reports are, in most cases, less than
satisfactory because, in my opinion, they are bland and lack the
personal touch of an individually thought out report.
8.5
This is where Report Writer is extremely useful and different, as it
acts as a phrase collection, with the added advantage of minimising the
amount of typing needed to produce a report.
8.5
What is Report Writer?
8.5
Report Writer arrives in a large plastic box which contains two discs, a
manual and instructions on how to install the program which can be run
from floppy disc or installed onto hard disc.
8.5
Essentially, the program acts as an interface between the writer and the
word processor that you normally use to write your reports. You need
both Report Writer and your word processor to be loaded onto the iconbar
ready for use.
8.5
Report Writer allows you to access words, phrases, punctuation and data
statements by a few clicks of the mouse button and sends them to the
word processor. It also allows a personal collection of statements to be
added to the data for each subject of the curriculum and these may be
edited and added to at any time. The data disc contains a bank of
statements for each subject in the National Curriculum at Levels 1 − 4.
Additional statements can be created for RE and Personal and Social
Education (General Comments).
8.5
The name and gender of the pupil can be edited and then any statement
that has a ‘he’, ‘him’ or ‘his’ will be altered to ‘she’, ‘her’ or
‘hers’.
8.5
The only limitation I found to its use is that it needs a minimum of 2Mb
of memory to run the program. This is because it has to run alongside
the word processing package.
8.5
The screen opposite shows Report Writer in action. At the top is the
word processor screen, in this case Ovation, with the report form I use
but any word processor and any report form can be used. Below this is
the Report Writer main screen which, as you can see, takes up very
little space. Any word or action can be accessed by a single mouse
click. At the bottom is a section from Level 4 of English AT3 from which
any phrase can be selected and sent to the word processor by a single
mouse click.
8.5
The program is capable of storing 160 user created or edited statements.
In addition to this, you can have 480 statements for RE and Personal and
Social Education, and 160 user-defined phrases and words. This is a vast
amount of data which is stored in a compressed form on a single data
disc.
8.5
In use
8.5
I had finished writing my reports by the time Report Writer arrived but
I set to work examining the program with enthusiasm, the pain of the
past days (actually mainly nights) being still fresh in my mind. Would
it be easy to use? Would it make this time of year a little more
tolerable? Would it improve my report writing? The answer I found was
yes!
8.5
The program works well and, after a very short time, I became adept at
entering text into the word processor. The next stage is to adapt some
of the phrases and add my own collection of gems to the data bank.
8.5
Conclusions
8.5
As with other Creative Curriculum Software, this is a program that has
been thought out by people who obviously know what they are doing. It
does not look anything special but it works well!
8.5
I would certainly recommend that you buy it, but don’t wait until next
summer. You will save yourself a lot of work but you need to start
thinking about what phrases you want to add to the data banks.
8.5
The cost is £49 +VAT for a single user or £89 +VAT for a Primary licence
(10 user) or £149 +VAT for a Secondary site licence.
8.5
One final point, with the review of the National Curriculum and the
change in the Statements of Attainment, the data banks will be out of
date after next summer, but it should be an easy task to update and
replace the data disc.
8.5
This is an excellent program and, in my view, is well worth the money as
it will certainly cut down the many hours I spend writing reports and,
at the same time, improve the quality. A
8.5
CC’s ArtPad
8.5
Trevor Sutton
8.5
There have been many attempts to provide a more satisfactory tool than
the mouse (or of course the cursor keys) for drawing or painting by
computer.
8.5
I have tried several and always returned to my belief that drawing on a
computer is different and that the zoom facility within most art
programs means that the mouse is an adequate device for the job.
8.5
However, when Computer Concepts sent me their graphics tablet for
review, my mind was instantly and completely changed. The only sad part
is that they said I had to pay for it if I wanted to keep it. Having
used everything from a puck to a concept keyboard for computer art, I
can highly recommend this unique graphics tablet.
8.5
The most amazing feature of ArtPad, which is made by Wacom, is that the
drawing tool is a cordless pen. After about half an hour, I was able to
use the pen for most mouse functions in addition to drawing. My first
try was, of course, with ArtWorks but it replaces mouse actions so you
could play games with it if you felt so moved. The mouse remains
functional so you may prefer to use that for window operations, drag and
drop actions etc.
8.5
The A6 ArtPad which I tried, initially seems a little small. There are
A5 and A4 versions but the price seems to go up in direct proportion. I
feel the A6 size is adequate for home use or even for schools. My twelve
year old daughter was using it confidently and accurately within ten
minutes.
8.5
Unpacking
8.5
Inside the box, as well as the tablet and pen is a power supply which
fits into the plug which connects to the serial port, a 9-25 pin adaptor
and DOS/Windows software.
8.5
Also included is Computer Concepts own software CCtablet which has to be
installed and run for the tablet to function. An optional pen stand
costs £13 +VAT. I guess the pen is worth taking care of since any old
ball point pen will not do!
8.5
ArtPad works in all art packages and the real beauty of it is that
lightly touching the tablet emulates a <select> press on the mouse so to
draw on the tablet you slide the pen over the surface and you take your
pen off the tablet to move without drawing. This is how we draw
naturally and so there is no holding buttons down to emulate pressing
<select>. There is a small switch on the pen barrel which emulates a
<menu> press on the mouse. Touching the pad whilst holding the left
<Alt> key, gives an <adjust> click. It is possible to re-configure these
functions.
8.5
Pressure sensitivity
8.5
The great advantage over other input devices is that the pad is pressure
sensitive. What this means depends on how the software copes with
ArtPad. In ArtWorks and with the new Pressure Tool (see ArtWorks Column)
the harder you press on the tablet as you draw, the broader the line.
8.5
PhotoDesk, the image manipulation software from Spacetech, has a menu
option to allow the use of ArtPad. Again slight pressure allows the area
covered, by whatever effect you have chosen, to increase in size.
8.5
CCTablet
8.5
This software is more than just an invisible user interface for ArtPad −
it provides a variety of configurable options. Most notable is Relative
Mode which makes the pen behave more like the mouse. That is, picking up
the pen and moving it leaves the on-screen pointer in the same place.
Relative Mode off behaves more like a real pencil in your hand, moving
the on-screen pointer to the new position.
8.5
Calligraphy mode allows a pseudo-calligraphy pen action to be used with
the ArtWorks pressure module. This is useful for producing various
effects and not just for handwriting as I describe in the ArtWorks
Column.
8.5
In conclusion then, I would thoroughly recommend ArtPad to serious
computer artists. It is not cheap but it is a sophisticated and, from
what I have seen so far, a sturdy piece of hardware. I’d love one!
8.5
A6 ArtPad & drivers + the pressure tool costs £179 +VAT from Computer
Concepts or £209 inclusive through Archive. The A5 pad + software is
£409 +VAT or £475 through Archive and the A4 pad + software is £559 +VAT
or £650 through Archive. (PhotoDesk costs £169.95 +VAT from Spacetech or
£185 through Archive.) A
8.5
Spreadsheets Take to the Water
8.5
Richard Readings
8.5
I regularly spend my time getting cold and wet while I try to manoeuvre
a sailing dinghy at least as fast as a dozen or so others around a
series of cans. I return with a piece of paper bearing the results of
the race, which is usually one of a series for which places need to be
calculated overall.
8.5
A couple of years ago, I noticed an Apple Macintosh computer apparently
being used to calculate the results of such a series with a spreadsheet
program. That seemed a good idea, though it turned out that it was only
being used to format and print the results, which were still being
calculated by a Mk1 brain. I thought it must be possible to get the
spreadsheet to do the work, with a proper computer, so I decided to have
a go.
8.5
PipeDream
8.5
I discovered one major problem with this approach. In those days, I was
using PipeDream which included an enormous range of built-in functions
but was probably not designed by anyone who belonged to a sailing club!
I had to resort to writing my own “custom function” which calculated the
points awarded for each race. The “Place Points” system is normally
used, whereby the winner is awarded ¾ of a point, second place 2 points,
third place 3 points and so on. Boats that do not score finishing points
(e.g. one that retires before the finish, usually preferring the comfort
of the bar) are awarded a number of points relative to the declared
entry, e.g. boats entered plus one. Writing the function for retirements
proved a fairly straightforward task, considerably easier than scoring
just ¾ of a point in the actual race!
8.5
At the end of a long series of races, it’s usual to count just half of
the races (rounded up) and to discard the worst results. This is where
life with PipeDream became difficult. Another custom function was
required to do this and it turned out to be quite complex. Although you
can pass an array to a PipeDream function, I’ve never figured out a way
to sort the array within the function, so I had to find other ways to
extract the best results from the array. Although PipeDream provides an
index function to read data from an array there doesn’t seem to be a way
to write data back into the array.
8.5
A further problem arises when a boat is awarded “average points” for a
race, usually when the crew perform some noble task such as manning the
rescue boat. Average points are defined as the average of the points
awarded to her in the races which she will count in the series. I
eventually wrote a series of custom functions which performed this task,
but when I came to calculate the results of a series of a dozen or so
races, with an entry of about twenty boats, my trusty ARM3 processor
almost ground to a halt.
8.5
Excel
8.5
I then transferred my attention to an office PC, running Excel v4.0.
Although I prefer the RISC OS desktop environment to Windows, I found
that Excel offered a number of significant advantages over PipeDream.
The first was an improved ability to format the data to improve the
presentation − using different fonts, sizes and row heights, etc. A more
important advantage was the macro language. Excel allowed me to write a
custom function which could take an array and sort it, for example.
Within a single custom function, I could now:
8.5
a) convert places to points (e.g. first place = 0.75 points)
8.5
b) sort the points into ascending order
8.5
c) calculate average points (if any)
8.5
d) sort the points into ascending order again
8.5
e) return the sum of the points for the races to be counted
8.5
Two further bonus items were that I could understand the function once I
had written it, and it was much quicker to compute, by virtue of its
simplicity.
8.5
Resultz
8.5
Excel meant that I had to suffer Windows so I looked at other
spreadsheets available for RISC OS which might compare with Excel.
Resultz was an early candidate. It provided formatting capabilities akin
to Excel, though I personally found these difficult to use, perhaps
having become accustomed to Excel. However, it inherited the PipeDream
macro language and its limitations with array handling, and so was
quickly eliminated.
8.5
Eureka 2
8.5
The next candidate was Eureka 2, sometimes dubbed ‘Excel for RISC OS’.
This proved to be a well-earned title. Although it could not accept
Excel files directly, I copied the data and custom function via CSV
format files (Lotus 1-2-3 is another common format). With just one minor
change to the argument list in the custom function, everything sprang
into life, except the column which contained the final placings. I had
used the RANK function in Excel to calculate these, but this is not
available in Eureka so I had to write my own as another custom function.
But, in general, having learnt to use Excel, Eureka was a breeze, and
I’m sure the converse would apply.
8.5
Eureka 3
8.5
Unfortunately, Eureka 2 was slower than Excel and did lack some
facilities, e.g. background calculation, print preview, UNDO button and
the aforementioned RANK function. The lack of background calculation on
a spreadsheet which can take two or three minutes to re-calculate is
painful.
8.5
Along came Eureka 3 which provides background calculation and runs a
little faster too, but still no UNDO button, RANK function or print
preview. However, it would have been a big help when I moved the data
across from Excel, whose .xls files it can read directly. C’est la vie!
A partial solution to the lack of print preview lies in a PD utility,
!RiScript, which displays PostScript printer files on screen.
8.5
One feature of Eureka 3 which I particularly like is its ability to
print in background with !Printers 1.22. I only wish Impression could do
the same!
8.5
The results for the first six places in a typical series, produced by
Eureka, is shown opposite.
8.5
It’s interesting to compare calculation times for a series of twenty
races with 26 entries:
8.5
PipeDream 4 on an A420/1 with ARM3 726 s
8.5
Eureka 2 on an A420/1 with ARM3 210 s
8.5
Eureka 3 on an A420/1 with ARM3 183 s
8.5
Excel 4 on an 8Mb 25MHz 386 laptop 50 s
8.5
Excel 4 on an 16Mb 50MHz 486 PC 25 s
8.5
Excel 5 on a 32Mb 166MHz DEC Alpha 3 s
8.5
Although PipeDream appears relatively slow, I believe this is a result
of the relative complexity of the custom functions. However, I would
have expected Eureka on an ARM3-equipped A420 to have given Excel a
closer run for its money on a modest 386 PC. I’ve never had the
opportunity to try Schema, but if its macro language lives up to its
reputation, it could easily prove a match for Eureka for this
application. A
8.5
FIRST − Statistical Package
8.5
Brian Cowan
8.5
The name FIRST, often abbreviated as 1ST, is an acronym for the
descriptive title of this product: Fully Interactive Regression
STatistics. This started life as a program written for the old BBC
computer, and it has been expanded and enhanced ever since. Even now the
process is continuing, and FIRST is certainly the most comprehensive
package of its type ever likely to be found for the RISC OS platform.
8.5
Different versions
8.5
As well as the full version of 1ST, there is a Junior version called
1STJr and an eLementary version, called 1STL. These all have the same
front end and the same “feel”, only differing in the range of facilities
provided − and the price. Both 1STJr and 1STL will cope with up to 40
columns and 400 rows of data, while the capacity of the full 1ST is
limited only by machine RAM.
8.5
The original versions of FIRST were a single-tasking programs. It has
now been “desktop-ised” quite successfully, but its origins still show
through. The windows and menus, etc have been designed to function well
for their particular applications rather than for conformity with many
of the RISC OS conventions. This can be very confusing to seasoned RISC
OS users. Some menus appear as a set of “buttons”, and often it is not
obvious which menu option should be chosen or how to navigate the menu
tree to arrive at the desired destination.
8.5
Data entry and import
8.5
Data is conventionally entered into 1ST manually, in a spreadsheet form.
A very good aspect of this is that, in contrast to usual spreadsheets,
the data is typed directly into the selected cell, which is very
intuitive. However, things become confusing when editing a set of data
because when a cell is selected, its original entry is not visible. I
would suggest the entry should be visible but greyed-out until actually
modified.
8.5
Data is stored in 1ST’s internal file format with its own filetype. This
seems to be compressed, and incomprehensible when viewed with a
conventional text editor. Such files can be loaded into 1ST by clicking
on them or by dropping them on the 1ST icon or a 1ST window. It is also
possible to import CSV files that have either the CSV or the text
filetype. This is quite a powerful import facility, allowing the user
choice over both the field and the row separator. This means that files
produced by a variety of programs and data-logging equipment can be
imported with ease.
8.5
Display
8.5
Having entered or imported data, now the fun starts. The first thing you
might want to do is to plot the data to get a visual impression before
regression or processing in some way. The numerical data will be
displayed on the screen in a spreadsheet window. Opening a menu window
on this data gives a selection of options from which to choose. “Display
...” is not what is needed. This controls what is displayed of the
spreadsheet window. You have to click on “Menu Open”, whereupon you are
confronted with a set of options, the main menu, including one labelled
“Plotting”. Clicking on this opens quite a complicated window which
controls the Graphs options. Here you can select the graph type
required, the shape of the plot points, axes, labels, etc.
8.5
Data manipulation, regression, etc are all controlled from the main
menu. Thus, returning to the main menu you can select a model for
fitting the current data and then return to the plotting options for
display. The graph below shows an example of 1ST’s capabilities. The
solid line is a cubic polynomial fitted to the data points and forced
through the origin. This is probably quite un-physical, but it indicates
what can be done with just a few clicks of the mouse. The shaded area
shows the region of the 95% confidence interval.
8.5
The plotting options are certainly very powerful but I would like to see
a larger selection of plotting points, as well as control over the
displayed grid, bounding box, logarithmic axes, etc. There is the
facility to add annotations to the graphs, although the placing of these
is a bit hit-and-miss. However, since the graphs may be exported as
drawfiles, such editing is best done at a later stage in Draw. If a
utility like Chris Johnson’s Text>Draw program is used then the
possibilities for text and mathematical annotations are limitless.
8.5
Statistical functions
8.5
The major strength of 1ST is its truly enormous range of statistical
procedures available including many with which I am not fully conversant
and some which I have never even heard of!
8.5
It is possible to effect various transformations on the table of data
using either the built-in functions or by building more complicated
transformations as Basic-like expressions. Comprehensive linear and non-
linear regression, including robust methods, are provided. There is
analysis of variance, including Student’s t test. One, two and three-way
Anova modules are provided. Time series techniques are provided, and
there is a module of non-parametric statistics. There are many, many
other facilities available as well, including Chisquare analysis, cross
tabulation and survival analysis.
8.5
In scientific curve fitting, I found the non-linear regression function
a little clumsy to use. There is the choice of either built-in or user-
defined functions, but in both cases you have to enter guesses for
initial values and step increments of the parameters. Unfortunately, it
is difficult to remember which variable is which unless you have jotted
the formula down on paper first. So long as sensible values are entered,
the regression works very nicely. The fit can be displayed as a graph
and it is also possible to view or export a Report window giving full
details of the fit.
8.5
On-line manual
8.5
The 1ST package comprises two main applications, the 1ST program and the
manual. These install in the iconbar essentially independently. However,
there is a clever linking from 1ST to the manual so that if the manual
window is open then according to whatever 1ST option is being selected,
the appropriate page of the manual is displayed. I think the on-line
manual is a very good idea, although in its present form it appears
simply as sheets of Help pages from the non-desktop version of 1ST.
These appear as the front window, almost always obscuring the window one
wishes to type into! Apart from this complaint, this form of the manual
is very useful. It would be even better if it incorporated a search and/
or index option.
8.5
Demo
8.5
Beginners will find the 1STDemo application most impressive. When this
is run, there is a display of some twelve graphs produced by 1ST,
demonstrating various of its features. I call them graphs, but really
they are full colour pictures − works of art appropriate for any
publication.
8.5
Conclusion
8.5
This is a most powerful product, particularly for statistical
applications rather than other sorts of scientific data processing,
plotting and presentation. It is rather non-intuitive in the arrangement
of the menu structures − particularly if you are familiar with the usual
RISC OS conventions. There are still some rather strange bugs, but this
is a very sophisticated product which is still under development. If you
are involved in statistical analysis of data, you should have a serious
look at this product. And nothing could be easier, as on application you
can obtain a fully-functioning loan copy of 1ST to see how it measures
up to your requirements.
8.5
Prices from Serious Statistical Software, are £205 for 1ST, £105 for
1STJr, £70 for 1STL. (VAT not applicable.) There are discounts for
educational use and for multiple copies. A
8.5
Barcodes
8.5
Dave Floyd
8.5
Barcodes is an application by Kang Software that generates barcodes in
Draw format. The package costs £85 inclusive direct from Kang Software
and requires RISC OS 3 or above in order to run.
8.5
Background
8.5
There can surely be nobody nowadays who is unaware of what a barcode is.
Everywhere you look, from newspapers and magazines to tins of soup,
somewhere on the packaging appears the ubiquitous and seemingly
meaningless pattern of vertical lines which can be read by electronic
point of sale (EPOS) scanners at the checkout of the supermarket or
chain store. That barcodes make life far easier for large stores is
undeniable. Stock records can be automatically updated, there is no need
to individually price each item on the shelf and mistakes made when
entering prices at the till are eradicated, assuming that the
information has been correctly entered into the system.
8.5
Stores that use an EPOS system claim that it is far more efficient than
manual methods and it benefits the customer by allowing them to pass
through the checkout more quickly and therefore face smaller queues than
would otherwise be the case.
8.5
Implications
8.5
Like them or loathe them, barcodes are here to stay, and this provides a
problem for the small business. While the cost of barcoding products for
companies such as EMI or Harper Collins is minimal in view of the large
production runs undertaken by these companies, the cost of barcoding
becomes proportionately higher when you are dealing with small
quantities. Although there is no legal requirement to include barcodes,
if you want your product to be stocked by one or more of the major
chains, you effectively have little choice as most will no longer accept
non-barcoded product.
8.5
Any software that can make barcoding cheaper and more convenient is
therefore very welcome. Registration with the appropriate authority
still has to be done, and the manual for Barcodes helpfully provides the
names and addresses where information can be obtained in this respect.
Where the software helps Archimedes owners to cut costs, is by replacing
the production process of barcodes, usually carried out by specialist
printers, allowing the process to be achieved totally in-house.
8.5
The software
8.5
Barcode software has been available on the IBM PC and Apple Macintosh
for some time now and, price-wise, the Barcodes package for the
Archimedes compares very favourably with what is available on these
platforms. Included with the review copy of the software was a copy of
an advert for a comparable package on the IBM-PC which was priced at
£149.99 +VAT. A cursory search through PCW revealed that this was,
indeed, the cheapest available for the PC, so full marks have to be
awarded in the price department to Kang Software.
8.5
The application is fully RISC OS compliant and installs onto the iconbar
using a mere 80Kb of memory (or 96Kb on my A440 due to memory page
size). Clicking <menu> over the icon reveals a menu which allows you to
choose between EAN8, EAN13, ISSN, ISBN and BIC barcode formats. The
software also allows you to save your choices as the default and
activate the Acorn Help utility to provide on-line help for using the
application.
8.5
An interesting idea, which I have not come across before, is an option
which allows you to toggle between right-handed and left-handed menu
structures. If you select left-handed, sub menus appear to the left of
the menu rather than the right. Being right-handed myself, I cannot
really judge the usefulness of such an option but I can see that it may
well be more logical for left-handed people to work in this way. Full
marks, therefore, for consideration, and perhaps other Archimedes
software producers may wish to implement a similar function into their
products or Acorn may wish to consider this for a future release of RISC
OS.
8.5
Clicking with <select> or <adjust> on the Barcodes icon displays the
main barcode generation window. A menu is available, once again allowing
you to select between the five main types of barcode, but with extra
options which allow you to adjust the size and bar thickness of the
resulting barcode. As different printers and printer technologies can be
used, trial and error (and perhaps a discussion with your Printer) will
have to be used here to gain the optimum output from your system, but
once you have discovered which configuration best suits you, it can also
be saved with the options so that Barcodes will be loaded as you want it
each time.
8.5
The creation of barcodes is literally a case of typing in the code or
ISBN/ISSN number of your product into a writable icon within the window
and saving your barcode as a drawfile. The barcode and checksum required
are calculated instantaneously by the program, as is checking the
validity of the ISBN or ISSN number you type in and rejecting incorrect
entries. Add-on codes are catered for, and whether to have the ISBN
number printed as part of the barcode is optional.
8.5
Conclusion
8.5
Whether or not you need barcoding software will be a far more clear cut
decision than for many other pieces of software. £85 is cheap when
compared to the competition on other machines, and will repay itself
very quickly in allowing you to generate your own rather than paying
somebody else to generate them for you. The software is well-designed
and is so easy to use that anybody with even a smattering of computer
literacy will have no problem whatsoever in using it. The left-handed
menu option is inspired and, try as I might, I have failed to make the
program hang up or do anything that it does not set out to do. The
manual is short, yet full of information, and I cannot really think of
anything else that could have been included in it. In short, I can find
nothing at all to criticise about Barcodes, and if you have a need for
this kind of software can wholeheartedly recommend its purchase. A
8.5
David Pilling’s BubbleHelp
8.5
Jochen Konietzko
8.5
Acorn’s !Help application with its window in a fixed spot is rather
unpleasant to use but David Pilling’s neat little utility, BubbleHelp,
changes this by presenting help messages the Mac way. (Actually, it was
written by Miles Sabine.)
8.5
The package
8.5
BubbleHelp (£5 from DP or £5 through Archive) comes on one disc in a
plastic wrapper with a nine-page A5 manual which describes the program
in considerable detail − even including hints for programmers who want
to incorporate an “Info Button” into their own software, so that it can
make use of BubbleHelp.
8.5
Installation
8.5
BubbleHelp can be run from a hard disc − double-clicking on its icon in
a directory window installs it on the iconbar in the usual way.
8.5
The iconbar icon can be blank − program inactive − or ticked; in this
case help messages appear at the position of the pointer whenever it
does not move (the time delay before the message appears can be
configured).
8.5
Configuration
8.5
BubbleHelp can be configured very extensively − there is an entry in the
Run file to determine which of the many bubble shapes provided on the
disc will be chosen (the disc also contains instructions for designing
your own Bubble Sprites), and an Impression-like Configuration window
allows the setting of just about every aspect from the font to use,
through the key combination for the “help key”, to installation as a
single user or a network version − every user connected to the net can
have his or her own settings.
8.5
Any font on your system can be used to display the help messages.
8.5
Operation
8.5
After you have configured BubbleHelp to your taste, it will work
automatically, intercepting all queries directed to Acorn’s Help. In
case a program looks for Help by its absolute path in Resources, there
is a module which starts BubbleHelp instead.
8.5
All you will have to do is toggle the help action − and also the iconbar
icon − on and off with the respective key combinations.
8.5
Problems with version 2.02, 21-Sep-94
8.5
When the help function is on, BubbleHelp sometimes gets confused with
mouse clicks. For example, instead of a single click, you may have to
perform a double-click.
8.5
Sometimes when the pointer is over a directory window (as ahown
opposite), only a small part of the bubble appears. This may, however,
be a problem to do with my Colour Card, and the effect only seems to
appear in a few modes (my regular mode 110 works perfectly).
8.5
Requirements
8.5
BubbleHelp needs RISC OS from 3.10 onwards and, according to the manual,
it will work on the Risc PC. (But see the PS opposite.)
8.5
Conclusion
8.5
This is a program which is actually quite unnecessary because, after
all, Acorn’s Help application does work... but I love it! At £5 from or
Archive, it is highly recommended! A
8.5
P.S. for German users
8.5
I have just switched to RISC OS 3.50D (German), and I am very much
afraid that I can’t use BubbleHelp any more; the reason is that the
program simply doesn’t use the help messages that would normally be
displayed in Acorn’s Help window, but comes equipped with a massive file
full of help messages, many of them with parameters.
8.5
This leads to garbled “Help” messages. So, until translated versions
appear, only users of English RISC OS owners should buy BubbleHelp.
8.5
Ready for Publication
8.5
We have a lot of articles ready waiting for magazine space. I usually
send a postcard to the contributor so that they know it has arrived
safely but over the Christmas holidays, I edited several articles at
home and can’t remember which ones got acknowledged − so here is a list
of those I’ve got as of 8/1/95.
8.5
ABC of Art Christopher Jarman
8.5
Arctic John Woodthorpe
8.5
Betsi Richard Rymarz
8.5
Bitfolio More Cartoon Dave Wilcox
8.5
Chess II Tord Eriksson
8.5
ClassCardz for Wordz Douglas Stalker
8.5
Clicker Hutch Curry
8.5
Colour Christopher Bell
8.5
Duck Loses His Quack Stuart Bell
8.5
First Page Richard Rymarz
8.5
Flyprint 2.50 Dave Wilcox
8.5
Font Designers Toolkit Christopher Jarman
8.5
Font Directory G. T. Swain
8.5
Goldilocks Joe Gallagher
8.5
HP Laserjet 4 Charles Woodbridge
8.5
ImageFS Dave Floyd
8.5
Keyboard Emulation Dave Wilcox
8.5
Landbuild Chris Whitworth
8.5
Langdale Nick Harris
8.5
Lenses & Light Charles Hill
8.5
Letraset and URW Fonts Christopher Jarman
8.5
Look! Hear! Richard Rymarz
8.5
Lots more Fun & Games Richard Rymarz
8.5
Photobase Paul Hooper
8.5
Report Writer Paul Cross
8.5
Shareholder Professional Dave Wilcox
8.5
Softcrete Andrew Rawnsley
8.5
Sound in Special Needs Neville Dalton
8.5
Voyage of Discovery Denise Bates
8.5
WimpGen 2 Paul Hobbs A
8.5
Club News
8.5
The ARM Club will be holding an Open Day at Merton Court School, Sidcup,
Kent on Saturday 19th March 1995. Most of the stands will be run by
members showing how they use their Acorn machines but there will also be
a selection of commercial companies. The theme of the event will be
geared towards education.
8.5
Everyone is welcome between 10 and 4 and light refreshments will be
served throughout the day. A
8.5